Exam 2 Flashcards
Aminoacyl (A) site
Where tRNA comes into ribosome and binds to mRNA
Peptidyl (P) site
Transfers AAs from tRNA in P site to AA in tRNA in A site
What is the function of mRNA in translation
Translated into protein
What is the function of rRNA in translation
Part of the ribosome
What is the function of tRNA in translation
Links the mRNA codon to a specific AA
What is the start codon
AUG (also codes for Methionine)
What are the 3 stop codons
- UAA
- UAG
- UGA
What role does Drosha play in miRNA processing?
Binds to base of hairpin loop and cleaves it
What role does Dicer play in miRNA processing?
Removes loop in hairpin
What role does the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) play in miRNA processing?
RISC binds to duplex and captures miRNA while degrading miRNA* strand
What happens to a gene when it is highly methylated?
The gene winds/ coils up and there is a decrease in histone acetylation and a decrease in gene expression.
What happens to a gene when it becomes un-methylated?
The gene unwinds and there is a increase in histone acetylation and an increase in gene expression
What causes changes to an individual’s epigenome?
The environment (especially in early life)
What is a SNP chip?
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: An assay that allows you to genotype thousands of SNPs simultaneously
What is the first step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
Remove nucleus from egg cell
What is the second step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
Insert somatic cell nucleus into enucleated egg cell
What is the third step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
Stimulate embryo cell division
What is the fourth step when cloning an animal by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
Implant embryo into surrogate female
How efficient is cloning by SCNT after a cloned embryo has been selected?
5-15%
What is the only biopharmaceutical product from a transgenic animal approved in the USA and Europe?
Antithrombin Agent
The Cas9-CRISPR system exists in bacterial cells. What is its function in bacterial cells?
Acts a a bacterial cells’s immune system
What has the AquaBounty Advantage Salmon been genetically modified to do?
Increase feed efficiency (The salmon grows twice as fast)
