Exam 2 Flashcards
Anavysos Kouros
Artist: N/A Time: 530 BC (6th century) Culture: Greek Location: National Museum, Athens Material: Marble Purpose: - grave markers or votive offerings - generalized portraits that depict an ideal male body - naturalism - has pretty good anatomy but is stylized and idealized - influenced by Egyptian art
Peplos Kore
Artist: N/A Time: 530 BC (6th century) Culture: Greek Location: Acropolis Museum, Athens Material: marble Purpose: - possibly Artemis (goddess of nature and the hunt) or a priestess of Artemis - female statue; clothed with little attention to anatomical detail - once painted
Doryphoros
Artist: Polykleitos Time: 450-440 BC (5th century) Culture: Greek Location: Museo Nazionale, Naples Material: Marble copy of a bronze original Purpose: - Roman copy of a Greek original - contraposto (dynamic body pose) - ideal body after anatomical studies; meant to be accurate - originally located in a gymnasium in Pompeii - likely depicts Achilles - had a spear
Lost Wax Technique
- wax model created
- model covered in clay and baked to melt wax
- bronze or other metals poured into the clay mold
- once metal is hardened, clay is broken to reveal statue
- examples: centaur statue, Apollo statue, Zeus/Poseidon statue
Ajax and Achilles playing a game
Artist: Exekias Time: 540-530 BC (6th century) Culture: Greek Location: Vatican Museum, Rome Material: clay and black slip Purpose: - black figure technique - amphora vase used to mix wine and serve as a conversation piece - based on the story of Ajax and Achilles; Achilles dies and Ajax kills himself after losing a competition to Odysseus
Figure Techniques
Black Figure Technique
- sketch on vase with charcoal
- paint over with black slip
- fire it a few times
- carve out details to reveal red clay underneath
- less popular than red figure technique
Red Figure Technique
- same process but black slip is used to paint on details rather than being carved away
Parthenon
Artist: Kalikrates and Iktinos
Time: 447-432 BC (5th century)
Culture: Greek
Location: Acropolis, Athens
Material: marble
Purpose:
- doric features on the outside and ionic features on the inside (frieze)
- pediments show the birth of Athena and the contest between Athena and Poseidon
- metopes show the battle against giants, the battle against the Amazons, the battle against centaurs, and the sack of Troy
- frieze shows the panathenaic procession (festival)
- had the large gold-plated + ivory Athena statue
- metopes show Athenian victories
Erechteion
Artist: N/A
Time: 421-206 BC (5th century)
Culture: Greek
Location: Acropolis, Athens
Material: marble
Purpose:
- most important building on the Acropolis
- where the Athena and Poseidon competition took place; location of the mythical olive tree
- location of the original statue of Athena
- women-shaped columns represent daughters of aristocrats who funded the temple OR priestesses
- King Erechteios buried under the porch
Apollo
Artist: Vulca
Time: 510-500 BC (6th century)
Culture: Etruscan
Location: Museo Nationale di Villa Guilia, Rome
Material: painted terracotta
Purpose:
- decorated the roof of an Etruscan temple
- similar to archaic and naturalistic styles
- more movement in poses because clay is lighter than Greek marble
- figure is clothed because the focus is not on the male ideal body (stylized hair and archaic smile)
Sarcophagus with reclining couple
Artist: Cerveteri
Time: 520 BC (6th century)
Culture: Etruscan
Location: Museo Nationale di Villa Guilia, Rome
Material: painted terracotta
Purpose:
- women included in their culture; showed unity and affection
- resembles a dining couch to show fun and liveliness
- archaic smile and capital with volutes shows Greek influence
Agustus of Primaporta
Artist:N/A
Time: 1st century AD
Culture: Roman
Location: Musei Vaticani, Rome
Material: Painted Marble
Purpose:
- Showed him as a strong leader, both military and diplomatic
- Dolphin represents intense naval battle, baby man represents his connection to venus
- Idealized
- Paint picture on his armor shows him receiving the banner back from Barbarians using a diplomatic manner
Portrait of a Married Couple
Time: 1st century AD Culture: Roman Location: Museo Archeologica Nazionale, Naples Material: Fresco Purpose: - Holding a stylus and diptych shows education - Generic bodies but real faces - Displayed in a common area - Wedding portrait
Colosseum
Time: 1st century AD Culture: Roman Location: Rome Material: travertine, tufa, stone, concrete Purpose: - land belonged to Nero who created a man-made lake - 100 days of games - Greek influence - Roman arches - Jewish slaves built it
Arch of Titus
Time: 1st century AD Culture: Roman Location: Rome Material: concrete and marble Purpose: - Built to commemorate events - Honors Titus and commissioned by the Senate - Panels on the arch depict certain scenes
Column of Trajan
Time: 2nd century AD Culture: Roman Location: Rome Material: Marble Purpose: - Commemorates fights with Dascians - Barbarians wear pants and have wild hair & beards - Proportions are awkward so the focus is on the Roman soldiers and not the horses
