Exam 2

Question 1

Naturalism definition

Answer 1

The individual is controlled by forces both inside (physical, biological) and outside (social, environmental). Therefore, the individual is controlled by forces outside of individual control

Question 2

Naturalism characteristics

Answer 2

Objectivity
Frankness
Amoral attitude
Philosophical determinism
Pessimism

Question 3

Objectivity

Answer 3

Supposed to seek the truth like a scientist

Don’t try to change the world, just describe it

Question 4

Frankness

Answer 4

Doesn’t just talk about the niceness
Entire human should be described
Particularly deeper instincts like sex, fear, hunger

Question 5

Amoral attitude

Answer 5

Recording and not judging

Question 6

Philosophical determination

Answer 6

Characteristic that most distinguishes the first and second waves
Claim that the individual is controlled by outside forces (biological and environmental)

Question 7

Pessimism

Answer 7

Dark vision of the world
Drawn to the low and ugly
People are driven by sex, greed, mob psychology
Characters are divided into “haves” and “have nots”
Free will is an illusion
Everyone is shaped by blind chance and outside forces

Question 8

What separates Naturalism from the first wave of Realism?

Answer 8

Philosophical determination

Question 9

Blackness of whiteness

Answer 9

White should represent purity and innocence but it represents blankness and malignancy

Question 10

Aristotelian Tragedy

Answer 10

Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

Question 11

Hubris

Answer 11

Excessive pride or self-confidence

Question 12

White Silence

Answer 12

Story that takes place in the snow in isolation

Question 13

Modernism definition

Answer 13

Avant-garde movement where artists are most interested in experimentation to develop a distinct and new voice in literature

Question 14

Modernism characteristics

Answer 14

Dark view of humanity
Sense of betrayal by the past
Imposing order and meaning on a chaotic world

Question 15

How is Modernism a reaction to WWI?

Answer 15

Young writers wanted to make art that reflected their experience
Romantic thoughts of war–> trench warfare is a reality

Question 16

The importance of experimentation and technique for modernists

Answer 16

To develop a new voice

Question 17

European poets vs. Native poets

Answer 17

Expat who lives in Europe vs. those who lived and worked in America with American influences

Question 18

Art as a measure of cultural worth

Answer 18

If we are more interested in material culture, this reflects that something is wrong with our cultural health

Question 19

Blank verse

Answer 19

No rhyme

Usually in iambic pentameter

Question 20

Narrative poetry

Answer 20

Tells a story

Question 21

Literature of the town

Answer 21

When an author creates a universe in which a lot of their poems exist; based on reality

Question 22

Robinson’s themes and concerns

Answer 22

Personality/psychological inner nature
Human belief and search for an organized principle (something that gives value to our lives)
Failure of success
Naturalistic (characters are victimized by environment and biology)

Question 23

How is Robinson a transition figure?

Answer 23

Naturalism–>Modernism
Wrote for so long that his work spans both movements
Modernist: dark view of humanity
Naturalist: Characters are victimized by environmental and biological factors)

Question 24

Failure of success in Robinson

Answer 24

Richard Cory’s suicide; a person can have all the things needed to be successful, but still fail on a spiritual level

Question 25

Importance of form to Frost

Answer 25

Used strict form to impose order on the world

Question 26

Imagism definition

Answer 26

A calculated move to shift poetry to its original qualities

Question 27

Imagism characteristics

Answer 27

``` Primacy of the image Rhythm must have meaning Objectivity Use common speech but exact wording Absolute freedom of choice No cliches No extra words No abstractions No ornament ```

Question 28

What Pound believes an image should do + examples

Answer 28

An image should evoke an emotional and intellectual complex (reaction) at the same moment

Question 29

Hemingway hero

Answer 29

The only thing a man can do to maintain his dignity is to act as if there are things over which he has control

Question 30

Hemingway code

Answer 30

Code of professionalism, discipline | Things that can be perfected and practiced

Question 31

Iceberg theory

Answer 31

What you see on the surface is only 1/8 of the story

Question 32

Dissipation

Answer 32

To make nothing out of something

Question 33

Moral bankruptcy

Answer 33

Fitzgerald; lacking any spirituality or values

Question 34

Definition of Southern Literature

Answer 34

Writing produced below the Mason-Dixon line and west to Texas

Question 35

Characteristics of Southern Literature

Answer 35

Unified by: Sense of place Sense of history Sense of culture

Question 36

Sense of place

Answer 36

Place is important Agrarian culture Symbiotic relationship with land

Question 37

Sense of history

Answer 37

Only part of the US that has lived in a defeated state Burden of slavery Loss of men in war

Question 38

Sense of culture

Answer 38

Protestant Fear of the devil Manners

Question 39

Wasteland motif

Answer 39

Everything is barren and nothing grows