Exam 2 Flashcards by Gabby Stephens

War of Roses

House of Lancaster vs House of York for throne

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House of Lancaster

Red Rose

Winning house in War of Roses

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House of York

White Rose

Losing house of War of Roses

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Richard III

Uncle who murdered nephews (Edward V and Richard Duke of York)

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Henry VII

Henry Tudor
Lancaster
Winner of War of Roses

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Battle of Bosworth Field

1485
Lancaster beats York
Henry VII is crowned King

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Tudor Dynasty

Pink Rose
Begun by Henry Tudor
Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

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Court of the Star Chamber

Jury Free

Allowed torture to be used for extracting confessions

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Henry VIII

Six Wives

Youngest Tudor Son

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Catherine of Aragon

Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Widow to Prince Arthur
First wife of Henry VIII

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Anne Boleyn

Second Wife
Mother to Elizabeth
Beheaded for adultery

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Act of Supremecy

The King of England was the head of the Church of England

Created the Anglican Church

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Thomas Cromwell

Henry VIII’s principal secretary
Worked out details of Tudor gov’s new role in church affairs
Idea for dissolution of monasteries

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Jane Seymour

Third Wife
Mother to Edward VI
Died after childbirth

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Anne of Cleves

Fourth Wife

Divorced

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Catherine Howard

Fifth wife
Teenager
Beheaded for adultery

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Catherine Parr

Sixth wife

Widow to Henry VIII

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Edward VI

Son to Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
King after Henry died
England became Protestant
Book of Common Prayer

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Book of Common Prayer

Prayer book

Liturgical guide

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Mary

Queen 
Daughter of Catherine of Aragon
Catholic
Had people burned at stake for their religious beliefs
Married Phillip II of Spain

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Philip II

Husband of Mary

Son of Charles V of Spain

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John Calvin

Protestant reformer, went further and impacted more

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Institutes of the Christian Religion

John Calvin

A how to of religion

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Predestination

God predestined those who go to heaven and hell

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Geneva

Town cleaned up by Calvin | No tolerance

Consistory

Created by Calvin | Oversee moral discipline

John Knox

Calvinist Reformer of Scotland

Philip Melachthon

Luther's Co-worker | Shared Luther's ideas

Praecepeter Germaniae

Melacthon's nickname | Teacher of Germany

Huguenots

French Calvinists

House of Bourbon

House second in line to throne of France Behind Valois Ruled Nevarre

House of Valois

Next in line for French Throne

Henri II

Died in jousting match | Married to Catherine de Medici

Catherine de Medici

Wife of Henri II | Overbearing mother

Ultra-Catholics

Extreme Catholic Party

Guise family

Leaders of the Ultra-catholics

Politiques

Figures who placed politics before religion

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Marriage of Valois princess and Henri of Navarre | 1000s Huguenots murdered

Charles IX

10 yo son of Henri II | Died

Henri IV

Henri of Nevarre | Leader of Huguenots

Henry, Duke of Guise

Leader of Catholic Faction

War of 3 Henries

Henri III v Henri of Nevarre v Henri Duke of Guise Winner: Henri of Nevarre Crowned Henri IV

Edict of Nantes

Catholicism was the official religion of France Guaranteed Huguenots the right to worship Tolerance

Revolt of the Netherlands

Anger over use of taxes Political freedom Religious Freedom

Council of Trouble

A tribunal that inaugurated a reign of terror in which even powerful aristocrats were executed

William of Nassau

William the Silent The Prince of Orange Mounted resistance

Sea Beggars

Dutch pirates

Dutch Republic

United provinces of the netherlands

Catholic Reformation

Counter reformation Revival of Catholicism Aimed to stop spread of protestantism

Saint Teresa of Avila

Carmelite nun | Mystical visions

Capuchins

Saint Francis followers who returned to poverty

Ursuline

New order of nuns

Jesuits

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola | Chief instrument of Catholic Reformation

Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of Jesuits | Former soldier

The spiritual exercises

Written by Ignatius of Loyola | Training manual for spiritual development

Francis Xavier

Original member of Jesuits | Carried Catholic christianity to east

Matteo Ricci

Italian | Chinese mission work

Pope Paul III

Continued renaissance papal exercises Appointed nephews as cardinal and bishops Perceived need for change and expressed it

Council of Trent

Council to resolve religious differences created by protestant revolt

Pope Paul IV

Increased power of inquisition | First true pope of Catholic reformation

Index of Forbidden Books

List of books catholics were not allowed to read

Travels of John Mandeville

Book about realms with precious stones and gold

Prester John

Christian kingdom in Africa where riches were found

Marco Polo

Journeyed to Mongol court

Travels

Written by Marco Polo | About journeys to Mongul court

God gold and glory

Objectives of sailors

Portolani

Charts made by navigators

Ptolemy

Astronomer of 2nd century

Geography

Work of Ptolemy contains world map

Prince Henry the Navigator

Motivated by great desire to save souls