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Psychology 201 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology focused on the study of consciousness-

A

exist on a continuum defined as awareness of self and environment

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2
Q

_________ Linking brain activity and mental processes

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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3
Q

________________ Any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking beta ( awake and alert) wave state.

A

Alter states of consciousness

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4
Q

Alter states of consciousness can result

1) ________: fever, sleep deprivation, psychosis.
2) ________: sensory deprivation, hypnosis, sleep deprivation, lucid dreaming, hypnosis, meditation, drugs.

A

1) Accidently

2) intentionally

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5
Q

_______________: day dreaming, dreams, drowsiness (happens automatically)

A

spontaneously induced

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6
Q

_____________: hallucinations (sensory experiences without external sensory stimulus), starving

A

physiologically induced

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7
Q

______________: hypnosis, meditation

A

psychologically induced

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8
Q 
Dual processing-
1) Fast\ automatic      
    -emotional                    
-impulses\drives
-habits
-beliefs
unconscious (intuitive)
System 1
A

2) Slow\ effortful
-logical
- reflection
-planning
-problem solving
conscious (deliberate)
System 2

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9
Q

____________
consciously aware of only a small amount of info
- zoom in and screen out.

A

cognitive process

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10
Q

______ cannot handle information overload

A

brain

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11
Q

_______ on a particular stimulus

ex. Cocktail party effect: attend to one voice in the crowd.

A

focus

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12
Q

___________- sees if person notices a change in something.

- does not even notice large changes

A

change blindness

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13
Q

___________-

  • focused attention
  • being in the moment
  • experiencing the here and now
  • fully aware of what is going on around us
A

mindfulness

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14
Q

The mind process information on two separate tracks. What are they?

A

Conscious and unconscious

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15
Q

How much information can we attend to at one time?

A

very little

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16
Q

What is consciousness?

A

How we are in the environment. ( awareness of self) awareness of the environment

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17
Q

Daydreaming

A

spontaneously induced

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18
Q

hypnosis

A

psychologically induced

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19
Q

meditation

A

psychologically induced

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20
Q

Starvation

A

physiologically induced

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21
Q

drowsiness

A

spontaneously induced

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22
Q

one has a ___ hour biological clock

A

24

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23
Q

________ rhythm: body temp, hormones

A

circadian rhythm

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24
Q

true or false:

When we dream of performing some activity, our limbs move along with the activity?

A

False

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25
Q

True or false:

Older adult needs sleep more than young adults

A

False

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26
Q

True or false:

sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams

A

false

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27
Q

True or false:

sleep experts recommend treating insomnia with occasional sleeping pill

A

false

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28
Q

True or false:

Some people dream every night; others seldom dream

A

false

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29
Q

Body temperature increases in the morning= ______ in melatonin

A

decrease

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30
Q

Body temperature decreases in the evening = ______ in melatonin

A

increase

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31
Q

______________ nucleus (SCN) - located in the hypothalamus.

  • SCN triggers the pineal gland
  • responsible for releasing melatonin
A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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32
Q

___________ and the delay of the sleep onset

A

Artificial light

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33
Q

____ minute sleep cycle - young adult- adult

A

90

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34
Q

__ distinct sleep stages

A

4

35
Q

The four distinct sleep stages were discovered by ______ ________ in 1952

A

Eugene Aserinsky

36
Q

How do we know that we have fallen asleep?

A

We only know when we wake up

37
Q

Stages 1-3 =

A

NREM or non-rem sleep (75% of sleep)

38
Q

Stage 4=

A

REM Sleep (25% of sleep)

39
Q

NREM-__ : theta waves hallucinations possible: sensory experiences without sensory stimulus
- hypnagogic: sudden jerk or falling sensation (1-7 min)

A

NREM-1

40
Q

_________: sudden jerk or falling sensation (1-7 min)

A

hypnagogic

41
Q

NREM-__ (20 min) sleep spindles (45% of sleep)

A

NREM-2

42
Q

NREM-___ (few minutes): delta waves

A

NREM-3

43
Q

Bed wetting happens at

A

the end of stage three (NREM-3)

44
Q

Sleepwalking happens in

A

stage 3 (NREM-3)

45
Q

Sleep talking happens in

A

Stage 2+ ( NREM-2+)

46
Q

One cycle of sleep goes:

A

NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3, NREM-3, NREM-2, REM

47
Q

_______________: internally aroused externally calm ( looks awake) Theta waves and break through beta waves.

A

paradoxical sleep

48
Q

Brainstem blocks motor messages ________

A

REM atonia

49
Q

VERY active brain:

A

creating the environment

50
Q

_____________: emotional, story-like, hallucinating

A

REM dreams

51
Q

______ hours of dreaming a year

A

600

52
Q

You can dream in NREM -1-3 stages of sleep, but the dreams are

A

thought orientated

53
Q

Sleep patterns maybe ____________.

A

genetically influenced.

54
Q

What effects sleep patterns?

A
  • Modern light bulbs

- shift work

55
Q

Sleep debt last

A

approx., 2 weeks

56
Q

Teenagers require ____ sleep

A

a lot

57
Q

___ of students are sleep deprived.

A

80%

58
Q 
We sleep maybe 
1
2
3
4
5
A
  1. sleep protects
    - fits ecological needs ex big animals sleep less. More or less animal sleep is based on size
  2. Help to recuperate
    restorative value to sleep? Helps recuperate body and mind
  3. Memory Process- Short term memories become long term
  4. creative thinking coming up with plans; sleeping on it
    5 Growth process ; Human growth hormone released during deep stages of sleep. sleep is vital for growth.
59
Q

_______ ( Initial, middle ( fragmented sleep) , terminal.

  • Treat with pills\alcohol
  • rebound insomnia
  • Must be repitative and not grief created.
  • Must be long term month or longer
A

Insomnia

60
Q

_______

  • sleep attack
  • fall into REM
  • 1 in 2,000
A

Narcolepsy

61
Q

_______

  • Stop breathing
  • slow-wave sleep disturbed
  • fatigue\depressed next day
  • associated with obesity
  • treat with CPAP
A

Sleep Apnea

62
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_: 
First few hours of sleep, high arousal 
usually young kids and appears in boys more so then girls 
- associated with central nervous system
- can happen and then go away
A

Night terrors

63
Q

______________- Freud’s perspective : unconscious desires\wishes ( that we can’t fulfill in waking hours

  • Manifest content: Story line - what you report
  • Latent content: hidden content ( meaning) - what the psychoanalyst tells you your dream means
A

Wish fulfillment theory

64
Q

________content : story line- what you report to psychoanalyst

A

manifest content

65
Q

_______ content : hidden content - what they psychoanalyst tells you your dream means

A

latent content

66
Q

___________ : work through day’s experiences - you processing what happened throughout the day. Day life goes into dreams

A

information processing

67
Q

_______________: neutral activity. Just brain being very active during REM. Nothing more than random fire of neurons

A

Activation synthesis

68
Q

Parts of our brain are more ______ in sleep

A

active

69
Q

Brain functioning ( ___________)

A

memory consolidation

70
Q

problem solving is _______ with sleep
Ex.
Two groups are given a new task
One group sleeps while the other group doesn’t
The group who sleep usually has better memory

A

enhanced

71
Q

There is a _______ between mental illness and sleep disruption
- In many cases, sleep disruption come first before mental illness

A

relationship

72
Q

REM is _________ by alcohol and sleeping pills

A

inhibited

73
Q

Night terrors happen in ________

A

NREM-3 of stage 3

74
Q

Nightmares happen in _____

A

REM

75
Q

NREM stands for

A

Non rapid eye movement

76
Q

REM stands for ___

A

rapid eye movement

77
Q

Circadian rhythm can easily be disrupted by for example

A

travel, moving, time change

78
Q

A cycle of sleep last for

A

90 minutes

79
Q

As the night goes on REM gets

A

longer

80
Q

You spend time and what two stages later on into the night?

A

NREM-2 and REM

81
Q

________ is highly effected by sleep deprivation

A

immune system

82
Q

_________ falling asleep without knowing it

A

micro sleep

83
Q

Sleep starts from

A

theta waves

Psychology 201 (1 decks)

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