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MED 2048 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Serum Bilirubin include?

A

Direct (0.1-0.3 mg/dL)
Indirect (0/2-0/8 mg/dL
Total (0.1-1.0 mg/dL)

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2
Q

What is a blood test for Liver Disease?

A

Serum Bilirubin Test

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3
Q

What serum bilirubin causes jaundice?

A

Total Serum Bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL

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4
Q

What are the main Liver Tests?

A

AST and ALT

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5
Q

What is albumin?

A

The most abundant protein

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6
Q

Liver disease impairs what enzyme?

A

Albumin

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7
Q

Low protein levels may cause what in the body?

A

Edema

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8
Q

What is Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GTT)?

A

A serum blood test for an enzyme that occurs in the liver

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9
Q

What is asterixis?

A

When a patient’s wrists and fingers are observed to “flap”

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10
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

An acute or chronic condition of liver inflammation

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11
Q

How is hepatitis A spread?

A

Fecal or oral material. Oral and anal sex as well.

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12
Q

How is hepatitis B spread?

A

Blood

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13
Q

How is hepatitis C spread?

A

Blood to Blood

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14
Q

Three ways Hep B is transmitted:

A
  1. Infected blood, blood products, needles
  2. Sexual transmission in semen or saliva
  3. Infected mothers to child at birth
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15
Q

Discuss Hep A treatment:

A

Self limiting. Clients generally recover in 4-6 weeks acquiring lifelong immunity.

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16
Q

Hep B at risk for what?

A

Risk of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis.

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17
Q

Hep B vaccines?

A

Is recommended for infants, children, adolescents, and adults.

18
Q

Who has the greatest risk of developing Hep C?

A

Individuals who are IV drug users

19
Q

Hep C carriers can develop what?

A

50% develop chronic disease, 20% develop cirrhosis. Increased risk of liver cancer.

20
Q

Incubation period for Hep C?

A

5 - 12 weeks

21
Q

Incubation period of Hep B?

A

6 - 24 weeks

22
Q

Hepatitis treatments

A
  • Immunoglobulin
  • Peginterferon
  • Interferon
  • Antivirals
23
Q

Nursing considerations for Hepatitis

A

Private room, PPI (gown, gloves, goggles), disposable equipment, needless system, hand washing, screen blood donors, stool precautions for A, and test all pregnant women for B. No sharing toothbrushes.

24
Q

Diet for hepatitis

A

Provide high carbs, high calorie, low to moderate fat, low to moderate protein to promote healing. Small, frequent meals

25
Q

Liver abscess is what?

A

Caused by the spread of infection from some part of the intestinal tract

26
Q

Liver abscess S/S

A

chills, intermittent fever, extreme weight loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, right sided pain in abdomen and shoulder, jaundice

27
Q

Liver abscess Tx

A

antibiotics, percutaneous incision and drainage (I&D).

28
Q

Trauma S/S and Tx

A

orthostatic hypotension, low BP, tachycardia, shock. Surgery to control the bleeding.

29
Q

Trauma nursing considerations

A

Monitor VS, assess abdomen, treat shock, sterile technique, monitor drainage

30
Q

When is liver transplant necessary?

A

With life-threatening, end-stage liver diseases. May be total or a piece of the liver

31
Q

What is bile used for?

A

The digestion of fats.

32
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

In the liver

33
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

The gallbladder

34
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder wall

35
Q

What is cholecysitits usually caused by?

A

Gallstones (cholelithiasis) that block the common bile ducts. Bile backs up and the gallbladder becomes inflammed.

36
Q

Disease prevention for cholecystitis:

A

Low fat diet rich in HDL sources (seafood, nuts, olive oil). Don’t smoke. Participate in regular exercise program.

37
Q

Physical assessment findings:

A

jaundice, clay colored stool, steatorrhea (fatty stool), and pruritus

38
Q

incubation period for Hep A

A

2-6 weeks

39
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Removal of the gallbladder with a laparoscopic or open approach

40
Q

What is the drug Ursodiol used for?

A

Helps break up gallstones

41
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

The enzymes activate prematurely before reaching the intestines. Results in inflammation, necrosis, and hemorrhage.

MED 2048 (1 decks)

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