Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Naming Species
A
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature evaluates proposed scientific names and uses ICZN.
- Describe a new species - publish scientific peer-reviewed journal with a molecular and morphological justification and a biogeographical hypothesis or explanation.
- Ex: painted crayfish complex (Kitsatchie and texas species are different) - Send to Commission for Review.
2
Q
Prokaryotes
A
- biomass = 10X eukaryotes
- 1-5 um
- can be harmful (bubonic plague), beneficial (gut), or benign
- lack membrane-bound organelles.
- most are unicellular, a few are colonial or filamentous.
- includes the domains Archaea and Bacteria
- common shapes: coccus, bacillus and spirillum
- have a cell wall, that was adapted for hypotonic environments, made of peptidoglycan.
- have rotating flagellum
3
Q
Bacteria
A
- Metabolic diversity: heterotrophs, saprobes (consume dead material), and autotrophs (photo and chemo).
- Facultative anaerobes: use oxygen for respiration but can live without it.
- Obligate anaerobes: oxygen is lethal.
- They are important decomposers.
- Some bacteria can “fix” atmospheric nitrogen in soils
Ex: Anabaena
4
Q
Archaea
A
- lack peptidoglycan
- are more similar to eukaryotes
- include halophiles, methanogens, and thermophiles.
- thrive in extreme environments
Ex: halophiles (salt lovers) live in Great Salt Lake and Dead Sea.
5
Q
Microbial Loop
A
..
6
Q
Phylum Porifera
A
- 27 freshwater species.
- Tend to be in gulf coastal plains and southern states.
- Marine species that adapted to live in freshwater (along Atlantic coast - have a coastal distribution).
- Need something to attach to; harder substrates.
Simple: cellular-level organization
