Exam 2 Flashcards
Who attended Fisk University and is an alto saxophonist?
Jimmie Lunceford
born with a form of tuberculosis that left him like a hunchback
Chick Webb
discovered ella fitzgerald
chick webb
white and jewish bandleader, clarinet player
Artie Shaw
Duke ellington
pianist, played at cotton club 1927-1931
Sidney bechet
clarinetist
Ellington’s 3 moods
exotic style, ballads, dance pieces (ellington was a swing era bandleader)
Billy Strayhorn
co-composer who works with ellington, openly gay, very behind-the-scenes
prominent woman pianist/arranger
mary lou williams
controls kansas city in 1926-1938 and caused lots corruption and illegal things
tom pendergast
territory bands
local bands within a particular territory that can be reached by car in a day
Blue Devils
a territory band active in Kansas city in 1920’s-30’s, discovered by count basie
head arrangements
aurally conceived, not written down, riffs created, flexible and potentially endless
count basie
stride pianist from new jersey, started in vaudeville in 1930’s
plays for the bennie moten band in 1931 as 2nd pianist
count basie
Coleman hawkins
father of tenor saxophone, nicknamed “bean,” “Body and Soul”
Lester Young
tenor saxophone, nicknamed “Pres,” known for his private slang, held saxophone at an angle, “cool” aesthetic
Fats Waller
stride pianist & composer, pupil of james p johnson, harlem
swing pianists who are also bandleaders
ellington, basie, teddy wilson
peak of stride piano
swing era
Art Tatum
the stride piano virtuoso, used extended chords, harmonic substitution, and melodic paraphrase (the tune comes back)
wrote “Over the Rainbow”
Art Tatum
Valaida Snow
trumpet player, singer, entertainer
not a natural singer with a limited range
billie holliday
known for scat singing
ella fitzgerald
woman revered by both the jazz and pop community
ella fitzgerald
mintons playhouse
in harlem, famous for bebop jam sessions, discouraged beginners with fast tempos and unfamiliar keys
Kenny Clark
drummer, nicknamed “klook,” shifts beat from bass drum to ride cymbal
thelonious monk
piano, composer, loved to experiment, bipolar
charlie christian
electric guitar, very innovative, plays with benny goodman sextet, dies of tuberculosis
dropping bombs
bass drum accents
bebop attitude
progressive approach to pretty much everything
chromatic harmony
“progressive” swing
charlie parker
alto saxophonist, nicknamed “bird,” had a heroin addiction, very fast playing, one of the best blues players
dizzy gillespie
trumpet player, moves through various bands in NYC and Pilly, the “head and hands of bebop,” long career
art blakey
drums
jj johnson
trombone, learns to play bebop at young age and lives a very long time until 2001
three jazz naratives
modernism, fusion, historicist
jazz “mainstream” categories
bebop & swing
categories of bebop
cool jazz and hard bop
notable cool jazz musician
charlie parker
cool jazz traits
experimental, laid back, relaxed, soft, subtle, flexible rhythm, more restraint in rhythm section
came up with the “Birth of Cool”
Miles Davis, very socially ambitious and interracial and intellectual
Miles davis
trumpet player, plays for charlie parker
Gil Evans
arranger and composer
Miles Davis nonet
experiment in instrumentation, composition and improvisers interrelate
Dave Brubeck
cool jazz pianist & composer, known for his use of irregular meters (“Take 5”)
Take 5
song with 5 beats per measure, dave brubeck, tune by paul desmond (alto sax)
hard bop
more elemental, not interested in experimenting, hard driving and heavy on the drums, more passionate
black cool jazz
said that jazz should be considered an art music and deserves respectability
Modern jazz quartet
fancy, played in tuxedos, very classy, based jazz performances on classical compositions, 4 members, together for 40 years
fugue
polyphonic composition with a main theme that comes back and is done by many voices
third stream idea
idea that classical is one stream, jazz is one stream, and mixing them together creates another one
famous hard bop group
jazz messengers, art blakey on drums and horace silver on piano
codified hard bop
blues/gospel simplicity + bebop complexity
charles mingus
bass player and composer, influenced and was involved in cool jazz, hard bop, and historicist
pianist at mintons playhouse and tailored his music to the peopel there
thelonious monk
george russell
composer and music theorist, used scales and not chords when improvising
concerto
a piece designed to highlight an individual musician
a good example of the black middle class
miles davis, father was dental surgeon and politician, grandfather was landowner
studdied at juilliard before going to minton’s and 52nd street
miles davis
covered a lot of territory and did almost everything
miles davis
