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126 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Soft palate

A
  • may have veloppharyngeal impairment (mobility and sufficient tissue are very imp)
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2
Q

If a chd has velopharngeal inadequacy which phonemes are affected

A
  • Fricatives
  • Affricatives
  • Stops
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3
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • Adenoids/ nasopharyngeal tonsils
  • May be hypertrophied- chd possible hypo nasal
  • Adenoids can compensate for short or partially immobile soft palate assisting w/ VP closure
  • Can block the Eustachian tube opening in nasopharynx depriving middle ear of ventilation
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4
Q

Hard palate

A
  • Normal variations don’t present a problem
  • Highly vaulted arched palate might be problematic
  • Problems if there is a cleft of if partially or completely removed secondary due to cancer
    o Prostheses and pharyngeal flaps help
    o Cleft of HP are typically repaired during the first 12-24 months of life
    o Scarring from surgery has not been found to interfere with articulation
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5
Q

Teeth

A
  • Teeth and dental arch alignment are generally not related to artic errors, but they can be of the condition is drastic
  • Teeth are imp for the production of /f, v/ voiced and voiceless “th”
  • Look at the condition- may be missing or misaligned
  • Extra or “supernumerary” teeth present no risk unless they erupt out of the palate
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6
Q

Class I malocclusion

A

dental arches are aligned but a few teeth are misaligned

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7
Q

Class II malocclusion

A

lower jaw is receded and the upper jaw is protruded; overbite (maxilla over mandible)

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8
Q

Class III Malocclusion

A

lower jaw is protruded and upper jaw is receded; under bite

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9
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenulum)

  • Usually not a problem unless really short
  • If they produce /t,d,l/ then don’t worry
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10
Q

Glossectomy

A

(partial or total removal of the tongue due to cancer)

- Patients can regain decent enough articulation although some intelligibility is lost

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11
Q

Dysarthia

A

Motor speech disorder associated with PNS or CNS damage

- Speech muscles weak, uncoordinated or paralyzed

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12
Q

Dysarthia us due to cased by

A
  • TBI, CVA (stroke), degenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy
  • Depends on site of lesion
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13
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Neuro-motor disorder in chd

- non progressive

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14
Q

Cerebral Palsy is due to

A

Due to brain injury or brain malformation that occurs before, during or immediately after birth (prenatal, perinatal, post natal)

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15
Q

Chdhood apraxia of speech occurs in 3 conditions

A
  1. Neurological Impairment
  2. Complex Neurodevelopment disorder
  3. Idiopathic speech disorder
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16
Q

Neurological impairment

A

intrauterine stroke, TBI

- Positive findings on an MRI of the brain

17
Q

Complex Neurodevelopment disorder

A

can occur as a secondary characteristic of other conditions such as genetic or metabolic
- Occurring w/ Autism, Fragile X or form of epilepsy

18
Q

Idiopathic speech disorder

A

a disorder of ‘unknown’

  • W/ this condition we currently don’t know why the chd may have CA’s
  • They do not have observable neurological abnormalities or easily observed neurodevelopmental conditions
19
Q

Problems found in chd w/ significant hearing loss

A
  1. Omission of initial and final consonants (or weak)
  2. Many diphthong and vowel substitutions
  3. Inappropriate prosody
  4. Pitch too high to low
  5. More frequent pauses
  6. Epenthesis
  7. Hyper nasality
  8. Produce distorted consonants and vowels
20
Q

Molecular genetics

A

Allows research to investigate the genes responsible for any disease or disorder

21
Q

Heritable traits

A

that can result in a speech, lang, or reading disorder

  • Heritable variations of genes across the population
  • Some genes may affect both language and speech
  • Language and speech disorders may occur alone or together
  • All genetically linked
22
Q

Characteristics of tongue thrust

A
  • During swallowing, tongue tip comes forward tip in contact w/lower lip
  • @ Rest tongue is carried forward; tip is in b/t or against anterior teeth while mandible is open
  • During speech, tongue is fronted and against or b/t anterior teeth while mandible is slightly open
  • Can contribute to malocclusion
23
Q

Considerations in the assessment and treatment of chd who speak spanish, AAE and asian lang

A
  • Make sure you have an interpreter speak the same dialect
  • Get a conversational sample in ( in primary + secondary Lang)
  • Only treat disorders, not differences
    IN TX: referral, case history, social fam issues/education, assessment (standard testing formal testing) identify and treat true errors in primary lang
  • Treat phonological patterns in second lang
  • Help chd be more intelligible
  • Conversational speech sample is critical
  • Check w/ caregivers and community members
  • Give standardized test and score in a dialect sensitive manner
    DELV- diagnostic evaluation of lang variation
24
Q

Guidelines for providing therapy for chd who speak 2 lang in PUBLIC SCHOOLS

A

We are not allowed to do elective TX to teach MAE

- There must be a disorder

25
Q

Guidelines for providing therapy in PRIVATE PRACTICE/ CLINIC

A

Clients may seek elective services if they want to become more proficient w/ MAE for social/ business/ career
GOAL- fluent bidialectalism

26
Q

Factors that influence chds use of AAE

A
  1. Age – younger chd use it more
  2. Socioeconomic status – low SES fam use it more than middle and upper SES
  3. Geographic location – more in the south
  4. Education – less in highly educated families
  5. Gender – more boys than girls
27
Q

Role of intelligence and speech sounds

A

IQ of 70 or lower: probably will have SSD

  • Other than that no demonstrated relationship b/t IQ and articulation
  • Speech sound slowly learned in same sequence, just more slowly
28
Q

Chd with lang disorders may use…

A 
o	Incomplete sentences 
o	Shorter utterances
o	Less complex language 
As sentence length and complexity increase 
Speech Sound Errors increase
29
Q

What has been implicated in poor reading ability in young chd

A

Decreased phonological awareness skills

30
Q

ASHA’s position on tongue thrust

A

TT occurs w/speech problems in some clients

  • Assessment and treatment of TT within SLP scope of practice
  • SLP must be highly trained and work on a team w/appropriate professionals such as dentist, orthodontist and allergist
31
Q

Research on auditory discrimination

A

RESEARCH: training discrimination only affected discrimination but training correct production helped both AD and production

32
Q

Motor skills test

A

Test w/ measure of diadocholometic rate (DDK)

33
Q

CHD all over the globe exhibit phonological processes

A
  • Consonant cluster reduction
  • Fronting of Velars
  • Stopping of Fricatives
34
Q

Simultaneous bilingualism

A

Learn 2 languages or introduction to 2 lang at the same time

35
Q

Successive bilingualism

A

Dual phonological system

36
Q

Orofacial Myology

A

Study of relationship among dentition, speech and non speech tongue and facial muscles

37
Q

Pidgin

A

A simplified and limited system of verbal communication that develops out if necessity when 2 communities with no common lang are forced by circumstances to communicate with each other

38
Q

Creole

A

A pidgin may develop into a Creole

  • A more complex system of primary communication w/ its own phonological semantic, syntactic and pragmatic rules
  • Then maybe taught into to chd by their parents as the main or only means of communication

126 (6 decks)

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