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SFL 334 BYU (Adult Development) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How are adult child caregivers compared to spouse caregivers in the Silverstein and Giarrusso article?

A

Adult children receive more satisfaction/more rewarding to be care giving than it is for the spouse to be a caregiver.

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2
Q

What are the main factors that influence declines in information processing with age? (4)

A

Speed
Distraction
Sensory impairments
Complexity

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3
Q

What are the types of memory that typically decline with age?

A

Short term memory

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4
Q

Information processing declines are often attributed to this main mechanism.

A

Working memory

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5
Q

What are the two main types of secondary intelligence we discussed in class, and how do they change with age?

A

Crystallized/pragmatics- stable and increasing in later life

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6
Q

Give an example of cognitive-structural thinking that goes beyond Piaget’s stages

A

Post formal operational- most advanced,

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7
Q

What does Cavanaugh suggest is linked with greater wisdom?

A

Experience

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8
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria used for determining hospice eligibility?

A

6 months or less to live

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9
Q

List the four assumptions of the Life course theory?

A
  1. Linked lives
  2. historical time and place
  3. Timing of transitions
  4. Agency
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10
Q

Describe some things that can be done to avoid burnout at work

A

Open communication
Vacation
Realistic expectations
Leisure

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11
Q

Describe the Social Security Act and the associated benefits.

A

67 is retirement age
Created in 1935
People depend on in a lot- highest source of income for older adults

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12
Q

How does death anxiety change across age?

A

In later life it decreases with age.

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13
Q

What is environmental press?

A

Environmental press refers to the physical, interpersonal, or social demands that environment puts on people

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14
Q

Zone of proximal development/adaptation (environmental press)

A

adaptation level is the area where press level is average for a particular level of competence; where behavior and affect are normal.

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15
Q

Retirement community

A

A place where older people live and have everything they need right there close to them, the store, bank, pharmacy, etc.

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16
Q

Assisted Living

A

Housing options that provide a supportive living arrangement for people needing assistance with personal care (bathing, taking meds, etc) but who are not so physically or mentally impaired that they need 24 hr care. / more cost-ef

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17
Q

Nursing home

A

Skilled Nursing Care: 24-hour care from skilled medical and other health services, usually provided by nurses. Intermediate care: 24 hour care, includes nurses but at a less intense level. Average resident has significant mental and physical problems. Generally the last resort for older people and their families. / governed by state and fed. regulations/ cost is high

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18
Q

Hospice

A
  • More about comfortable living than patient care. This is making them comfortable until they die. Not about prolonging their life.
  • Can be given in any one of these situations: home, assisted living, etc.
  • Given to those who have 6 months to live and have terminal health difficulties and commit to not seeking treatments to be cured
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19
Q

Osterbur Pg. 152 – Happy Together***

A

Different niche communities that exist for older adults today (i.e. cohousing, green house, village model) - focus on protecting the dignity of people and dedicated to changing the way older adults are treated in society.

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20
Q

Osterbur Pg. 155 – City Governments and aging in place: Community design, transportation, and housing innovation adoption

A

Talks about the most effective strategies for getting cities to adopt innovations that benefit older adults. Also how local government can make changes that would benefit older adults. These adoptions make it easier for adults to age in the community.

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21
Q

Osterbur Pg. 165 – The Real Social Network

A

Discusses various services people living in a village can receive from other village members or as part of their village services provided routinely and paid for by service fees.
Specifically talks about one group (Keystone) that provides health services which are better able to coordinate the services for the village patients.

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22
Q

Jung - gender - introvert and extrovert

A
  • Emphasizes each aspect of person’s personality must be in balance with all the others
  • change
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23
Q

Costa & McRae – big 5 personality traits

A
  • OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)
  • stable
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24
Q

Erikson – later stages stages of development- generativity, ego integrity

A
  • Personality is determined by the interaction between an inner maturational plan and external societal demands
  • Life cycle has 8 stages - all marked by struggle btwn 2 opposing tendencies…each kind of represents a crisis
  • Based on the epigenetic principle - each psychosocial strength has its own special time of importance
  • change
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25
Q

McAdams – life story- love and agency

A
  • Identity is not just a collection of traits. It is based on a story of how the person came into being
  • People create life story that is an internalized narrative with beginning, middle and anticipated end
  • 2 common goal themes are agency (reflecting power and achievement) and communion (reflecting love and intimacy)
  • change
26
Q

Whitbourne – 2 components- scenario and life story

A
  • Idea that people build their own conceptions of how their lives should proceed…life span construct = person’s unified sense of the past, present, and future
  • Has 2 structural components : scenario - consisting of expectations about the future / life story - personal narrative history organizing past events into coherent sequence. It give events personal meaning and a sense of continuity
  • change
27
Q

Personal concerns

A

Consist of things important to people, their goals, and their major concerns in life. Usually described in motivational, developmental, or strategic terms; they reflect the stage of life a person is in at the time

28
Q

Life Narratives

A

Consists of the aspects of personality pulling everything together, those integrative aspects that give a person an identity or sense of self. The creation of one’s identity is the goal of this level

29
Q

Possible Selves

A

What we could become, what we’d like to become, and what we’re afraid of becoming.

30
Q

Self-concept and well-being

A

Self concept is the organized, coherent, integrated pattern of self-perceptions. / includes the notions of self-esteem and self-image

31
Q

Kegan’s theory: 6 stages

A

Children move from knowing themselves on the basis of reflexes to knowing themselves through needs and interests.

32
Q

Labouvie- Vief’s dynamic integration theory: The self is a product of the integration of emotions and cognition

A

The degree of differentiation in self-representation is related to level of cognitive dev.

33
Q

Subjective well being and emotion: evaluation of one’s life associated with positive feelings.

A

Usually assessed by measures of life satisfaction, happiness, and self-esteem
Tends to increase with age.

34
Q

Know aspects of information processing that slows down with age.

A

Working memory-we see this occurring
Speed slows down at how quickly the information is presented and processed
Sensory impairment decreases with information processing
Filter relevance
Complexity-distraction, takes longer to get the information
Where does most of the decline take place-working memory

35
Q

Factors that influence information processing of older adults

A

Speed, complexity, sensory impairment

36
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Is a brief and almost identical representation of the stimuli that exists in the observable environment- unless we pay attention to sensory information, the representation will be lost quickly.

37
Q

Working Memory

A

Is the active processes and structures involved in holding information in mind and simultaneously using that information, sometimes in conjunction with incoming information, to solve a problem, make a decision, or learn new information.

38
Q

Implicit Memory

A

(sometimes called procedural memory) involves retrieval of information without conscious or intentional recollection- depending on what it is, it changes with age

39
Q

Explicit Memory

A

(sometimes called declarative memory) information you consciously recall.

40
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

Personalized pragmatics. Stays pretty stable after 45. Peaks and then stabilizes. Based on experience. Jeopardy tests this knowledge. Cultural knowledge.

41
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A
  • Mechanics. Goes down with age (around age 70). Social knowledge. Info processing. ACTIVE study looked at this (looked at exercise, memory, reasoning, and attention) This is more abstract thinking.
    We can actually modify the fluid intelligence capacities! This is called plasticity.
42
Q

What are the aging-related trends in crystallized and fluid intelligence, as well as of primary abilities

A

Crystallized (pragmatics)-stable and maybe can even increase and get better
Fluid intelligence(mechanics)- goes down
Fluid is how you process things

43
Q

Age related changes in leisure, as described in the text

A

Older age- less physical tough. More intense physical when younger and then they mellow out. Overall activities are similar across time though.

44
Q

Kubler-Ross’ stages of dying

A
  1. denial
  2. anger
  3. bargaining
  4. depression
  5. Acceptance
    order is not important.
    may or may not go through all the stages.
    works for people who or dying or mourning or had a loss in their life. THEORY OF LOSS>
45
Q

Basic diagnostic criteria for Hospice, as well as what treatment focuses on

A
  • Less than 6 months to live. Usually the person has a terminal illness
  • You have to sign a document that you are not seeking life prolonging care. You have to say “I’m not trying to live longer now or seek curative treatment”
46
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

memories that are personally traumatic or unexpected events (DECLINE)
Vivid recollection of specific events

47
Q

Autobiographical Memory

A

Remembering info and events from our own life (DECLINE)

48
Q

Encoding

A

Process of getting information into the memory system (DECLINE)

49
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Remembering things not related to an event or period of time (DECLINE)

50
Q

Recognition

A

Episodic memory- selecting previously learned information from among several items (STABLE)

51
Q

Recall

A

Episodic memory- conscious recollection remembering info w/o cues or hints (DECLINE)

52
Q

Retrieval

A

Getting information back out of memory (DECLINE)

53
Q

False Memory

A

Memory of items of events that did not occur (DECLINE)

54
Q

Source Memory

A

Ability to remember source of a familiar event and determine if it really happened (DECLINE)

55
Q

Storage

A

The way information is kept in long-term memory (STABLE)

56
Q

Osterbur, 6 steps (CPR/DNR)

A

Information, Explain, Discuss, Reflect, Clarify, Process

57
Q

Erikson 8 stages

A
  1. Trust vs. mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame 3. Initative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. indentity vs identity confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. integrity vs despair
    - Generativity vs stagnation - feeling people have to maintain and perpetuate society vs feeling of self-absorption
    - Ego integrity vs despair - growing awareness of the end of life but completed by only small number of people….”life-affirming involvement” in the present / those who reach integrity become self-affirming and self-accepting
58
Q

What two theories remain stable?

A

Freud and Costa/McRae

59
Q

Freud

A

Stable after 5 years old

Radically new approach to analysis and treatment of abnormal adult behavior

60
Q

Sternburg

A

-passion, commitment, intimacy

61
Q

Dew and Yorgason findings on financial strain and retirement, know 4 groups and trends in the results and the theoretical perspective used

A

People who were already retired: financial strain NOT correlated with retirement

62
Q

Life Course Theory (Elder, 1998)

Know the main points and assumptions of life course theory

A

Linked Lives: Lives are lived interdependently, and social and historical influences are expressed through this network of shared relationships.
Human Agency: Individuals construct their own life course through the choices and actions they take within the opportunities and constraints of history and social circumstances.
Historical Timing: the life course of individuals is embedded in and shaped by the historical times and places they experience over their lifetime.
Timing Transitions of Events: the developmental impact of a succession of life transitions or events is contingent on when they occur in the person’s life.

SFL 334 BYU (Adult Development) (2 decks)

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