Exam 2 Flashcards
Class II malocclusion
Upper jaw is protruded and lower jaw is receded ( overbite)
Class III malocclusion
Lower jaw out, upper jaw in – underbite
Most frequent error for children with ID
Consonant deletion
Children with hearing loss
Omission of initial and final consonants Many diphthong/vowels substitution Inappropriate prosody Pitch too high/low More frequent pause Even thesis Hypernasiality Produce consonants/vowels distortions
Ankyloglossia ( tongue-tie)
When frenulum is attached too close to tip of tongue and
Normal free tip to produce /t, d/
Glossectomy
Partial or whole removal of tongue due to cancer
Variables related to speech sound learning
Anatomical, neurological and physiological variable Motor skills Hearing loss Auditory discrimination Oral sensation Language skills Personal characteristic Genetic Tongue thrust
Lips
Articulatory of sound speech
/p,b,m/
Consonants and vowels that require lips rounding
Teeth
Production of bilabial /f,v/
Lingual dental / th/
Alveolar /s,z/
Velopharyngeal inadequacy
Difficulty closing nasal resulting hypernasality
Substitute stops: /p,b,t and d / with glottal stop
Substitute /k,g/ with pharyngeal stop
Substitute fricative and affricative with pharyngeal fricative
Substitute sibilant with velar fricative
Stubstitue /t,d,k,and g/ with mid dorsal palatial stop
Dysarthria
Speech disorder associated with central or peripheral nervous system damage
Weak uncoordinated muscle
Paralyzed speech muscles
Cerebral palsy
No progressive neuroma tour disorder that causes communication and articulation problem
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)
Speech disorder result from CNS.
Peripheral mechanic is normal but speech motor program including Broca’s area are damaged
Tongue thrust
Refers to certain manner of swallowing and togue placement in oral cavity during rest.
Characterize by:
Forward gesture of tongue during swallowing; tip of tongue in contact with lower lip; mandible open
Fronting of tongue during speech
Articulation errors: /s,z,l/
Interdental errors:/t,d,n,l/
Pidgin
Simplified and limited verbal language develope out of necessary when two community with no common language are forced by circumstances
