Exam 2 Flashcards
1848 Revolutions
Tension between liberals and conservative gov led to revolution; started in Paris. The bickering of the liberals ultimately led to their defeat and the aristocracies regained control
Age of Positivism
a philosophy arguing that truth comes solely from rational, logical, or mathematical proofs; Auguste Comte helped spread it
Art song
musical setting of a short poem for a solo voice and piano accompaniment
Canon
“great works” that a culture comes to regard as timeless and indispensable
Gesamtkunstwerk
unified artwork; the artist is responsible for all facets of the operatic work, not just the musical part
Idée Fixe
recurring melody that stands for Harriet (the woman who rejected Berlioz’s love) and it appears in every movement, linking the whole into a single narrative
Impressionism
a movement catalyzed by a break from academic values; studied the way the eye sees things (not the brain); focused more on modern life
Industrial revolution
Cultural and economic phenomenon; began in England in late 1700s
Peace in England had peace, leading to the building of the infrastructure
Monopolized oversea trade and had fertile climate for industry
Dramatic increase in food production due to the agricultural practices collected by Dutch
Enclosure - allowed the land to be farmed more productively but it made many people jobless (they eventually would work in factories)
Tech - textile industry, spinning techniques, waterpower
Energy often provided by the steam engine (James Watt)
transportation - the most decisive factor in whole story (trains)
Japonisme
refers to the influence Japanese art had on western art; the most popular were the Japanese wood-block prints
Kant
Directed philosophical attention away from the outer to the inner, from the study of physical universe to the study of human mental capacities; Historians view Kant as culminating figure of 18th century Enlightenment; wanted to mediate between the rationalism of Leibniz (God can be explained through mathematics) and empiricism of Hume - human reason can never ascertain truth;Kant was a mix of enlightenment and reason
Leitmotif
Richard Wagner’s most famous invention; bits of melody instead of full-length tunes that recur constantly throughout an opera. Usually associated with specific persons, places, things, concepts (modern example is Darth Vader motif; always plays when he’s coming.)
Marx
took a materialistic approach to history; driving force behind any human society was the way in which it distributed money and material goods; Helped write Communist Manifesto; supported working class.
Napoleon
Two Napoleons; Bonaparte and nephew
Napoleon Bonaparte
led to fall of Fren Directory gov and brought peace to revolution torn france
He reorganized the French society/gov and restored Catholic Church
Restructured the gov bureaucracy - talent not social rank
Civil code = equality but rule was Authoritarianism
Foreign conquest doomed him but he helped spread liberal principles across Europe
Napoleon III (nephew of Bonaparte)
took over after the “Second Republic”
Neoclassicism
Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the “classical” art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.
Risorgimento
the italian struggle for unification; much of Guiseppe Verdi’s pieces were patriotic anthems during this time
Romanticism
a cultural phenomenon that countered the enlightenment (not as universal as the enlightenment); an attitude that flavored the arts and letters more than anything. Emotion, sensual, religious and spontaneous over intellectual, scientific, or contrived.
Schubertiades
events put on by the friends of Franz Schubert, they were evenings of concerts devoted to his work but it never really caught on until after he died.
The Restoration (no, not the gospel)
The four decades after Napoleon, marking the return of the Old Order to power
Through composed
instead of repeating the same music for all the stanzas, the music for each stanza of text is changed; thus the music “evolves,” reflecting the change in the story
Which of the following if not a characteristic of the romantic attitude
a taste for supernatural, weird, occult
freedom from social constraints and artistic rules and forms
the belief that expression comes from an artist’s inner psyche
a preference for folk art over trained elitism
a preference for logical planning and rational methods over instinct and feeling
a preference for logical planning and rational methods over instinct and feeling
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Schubert’s art songs?
He created a piano part that served as an equal to the vocal melody.
He created music that carefully followed the meaning of every line of poetic text
he included violin or cello passages at times to underline the importance of poetic text.
Which of the following does not apply to the passage below? “Oh, you rationalist!” he cried with a smile. “Passion! Drunkenness! Madness! You stand there so calm, so unsympathetic, you moral men! Chide the drinker, abhor the irrational, walk past like priests, and the Pharisees than God that he has not made you like one of these. I have been drunk more than once, my passions were never far from madness, and I repent of neither…”
It was written by Goethe
It was written by Wollstonecraft
It is an example of the Storm-and-Stress movement
It is the point of view of passionate, hypersensative youth
It is a cry out against Enlightenment culture
It illustrates the preference for the rational thinking and top-down political order
both a and d
both b and f
both b and f
Which of the following is not true about the Restoration?
It began in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna
It restored the Old Order - conservative, aristocratic rule - in order to suppress the liberal agenda
It restored the new liberal movement created by the French revolutionaries
It was intended as a response against the empire-building of Napoleon
It restored the new liberal movement created by the French revolutionaries
Which of the following is not a feature of Friedrich’s Monk by the Sea?
It displays a preoccupation with death
It is a product of careful historical research and devotion to line and drawing
It deals with solitude and alienation
It is a single-minded in mood and tone
It is a product of careful historical research and devotion to line and drawing
Which of the following is not true about Faust’s character at the beginning of his story?
He has mastered all forms of book learning and now looks into what he can learn from occult knowledge.
He kills himself with a powerful narcotic
He venerates instinct, feeling, and esotericism
He is constantly yearning for something he cannot attain
He suffers through a conversation with his assistant Wagner, who supports the Enlightenment belief that wisdom is attainable by humans
He kills himself with a powerful narcotic
Which of the following is not a condition that led to the Industrial Revolution?
advances in transportation, such as the locomotive
advances in technology, such as use of water power and steam engines
The “New Woman” movement, which provided a major new source of low-wage labor
the movement of small farmers to urban locations, providing cheap workers
The “New Woman” movement, which provided a major new source of low-wage labor
Which of the following does not apply to Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5?
The third movement doesn’t finish but rather continues into the fourth movement
The final movement is a triumphant march, with trombones added for emotional weight.
The second theme of the finale represents an evil mistress
The first movement uses a motif that recurs in other movements of the symphony
The second theme of the finale represents an evil mistress
Which of the following is not true about the first movement of Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata?
It’s a slow, quiet, first-person confession of some deep internal emotion
It sounds improvised, fantasia-like
It follows the expectations of the standard movement pattern
It exhibits song-like characteristics, not sonata form ones.
It follows the expectations of the standard movement pattern
Which of the following is not one of the features of The Death of Sardanapalus?
an ancient story
exoticism (orientalism and etruscan motifs)
a disequilibrium of space, mood, color
a story taken from Homer’s The Iliad
a story taken from Homer’s The Iliad
Which of the following is not true about the passage below? I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and ssee if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary.
It was written by Poe
It was written by Thoreau
It was a report on the author’s experiment of living simply
Its worship of nature still forms the basis of the modern environmental movment
It was written as a manifest about Neoclassical painting
both a and e
both b and c
both a and e
Which of the following does not apply to impressionism?
It shows a preference for modern life.
It is intentionally sketchy, relaxed, and spontaneous
It is an attempt to capture a single moment in light
It used pure colors in short separate dabs of paint
all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following does not apply to Flaubert’s Madame Bovary?
It creates an idealized portrait of French peasants living in a pastoral, romantic world
It uses scientifically flavored, dispassionate tone to lampoon romantic ideals
It offers a harsh critique of French middle class
It creates an idealized portrait of French peasants living in a pastoral, romantic world
Which of the following does not apply to Courbet’s Burial at Ornans?
It documents a large group of non heroic, ordinary people from an everyday place
It glorifies a great event in French history
It is very large, therefore demanding to be taken seriously
It glorifies a great event in French history
Which of the following is not true about The Biglen Brothers Turning at the Stake?
It was by Homer
It was by Eakins
It was executed according to mathematically precise laws of perspective
The colors were handled with scientific accuracy
It shows a typical scene of a one-room schoolhouse
both a and e
both b and c
both a and e
Which of the following is not true about nationalism after 1850?
It existed most intensely in Germany
It was especially associated with the German emperor Engels
It changed into a movement that was connected not with revolutionary liberals but with leading statesmen, who used it to strengthen their states
It was especially associated with the politician named Bismarck
It was especially associated with the German emperor Engels
Which of the following does not apply to Manet’s Picnic on the Grass?
It uses a collage effect, bringing together various disconnected images from other works of art
It romanticizes a group of peasants who have just finished a harvest
It showed an ordinary woman nude in a public park
It provoked a major scandal
It featured a revolutionary technique, involving free imprecise brushwork and a rejection of 3D space
It romanticizes a group of peasants who have just finished a harvest
