Exam 2 Flashcards
A learned system of thought and behavior that belongs to and typifies a relatively large group of people; the composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices.
Culture
Culture elements
Belief system Material culture Social institutions Aesthetics Language
Things and ideas; attitudes, values, and beliefs surrounding the belief system. Natural resources that bind community; defines what possessions are valuable. Can be influenced by turf or geography.
Material Culture
Schools, government, religious organizations; support and pass along culture. Could be formal or informal.
Social Institutions
Music, theatre, art, and dance; they pass along values and bind the group around beauty. Can be rituals that enforce the culture.
Aesthetics
Creates in and out groups; embody beliefs of groups; represents common experience; embodies history. The system of symbols (words) that we use to think about and communicate experiences and feelings.
Language
Passing down culture.
Enculturation
Assimilation of other cultures into our culture; can also reject some cultures.
Aculturation
Belief own culture is superior. Because our culture is superior, I evaluate other cultures from the frame of reference of my own culture. The stronger one believes one’s own culture is superior, the more one values encultration and devalues acculturation.
Ethnocentrism
The act of organizing information about groups of people into categories so that we can generalize about their attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, and habits.
Stereotyping
A deep-seated feeling of unkindness and ill will toward particular groups, usually based on negative stereotypes and feelings of superiority over those groups.
Prejudice
A culture that relies on contextual cues- such as time, place, relationship, and situation- to both interpret meaning and send subtle messages.
High context culture
A culture that uses very direct language and relies less on situational factors to communicate.
Low context culture
A culture in which individuals perceive themselves first and foremost as members of a group and communicate from that perspective.
Collectivist
A culture whose members place value on autonomy and privacy, with relatively little attention to status and hierarchy based on age or family connections.
Individualist
The situation which involves imperfect and/or unknown information.
Uncertainty
A culture that places value on assertiveness, achievement, ambition, and competitiveness; sometimes referred to as an achievement culture. Report.
Masculine style
A culture that places value on relationships and quality of life; sometimes referred to as a nurturing culture. Rapport
Feminine style
The ability or right to control people or things.
Power
The measure of durations of events and the intervals between them.
Time
How individuals, either consciously or unconsciously influence, experience, and express emotion.
Emotional expression
The process of evaluating noise; active process.
Listening
The process of getting noise; passive process.
Hearing
Types of Listening
Appreciative
Informational
Critical
Empathic
Listening for enjoyment.
Appreciative listening
Listening to get information.
Informational listening
Listening to evaluate and make judgements.
Critical listening
Listening to identify feelings of another.
Empathic listening
Listening styles
People oriented
Action oriented
Time oriented
Content oriented
Focus is upon other identifying emotions and relationships; empathy vs compassion.
People oriented
Organizes information and seeks a way to process. Often listens as a problem needing a solution. Focal point is taking action on the report rather than rapport.
Action oriented
Seeks efficiency that’s clear and to the point.
Time oriented
Critical evaluator of information.
Content Oriented
Listening barriers
Effort
Stage hogging
Focus on other person and what they’re saying.
Effort
