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PID > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines

A

Glycoproteins that are released to tell the body to initiate an immune response

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2
Q

Interferons

A

Specialized cytokines related to viral infections

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3
Q

Phagocytes

A

Polymorphonuclear phagocytes (neutrophils)
Mononuclear- monocytes or macrophages
Eosinophils

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4
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulfment and digestion of infectious agents or other foreign bodies by phagocytes

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5
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Consists of antibody response (humoral) and lymphocyte-mediated response (cell-mediated)
Tailored to a particular microbial infection and characterized by memory

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6
Q

Primary and secondary humoral response

A 
Primary: busy building memory, takes more time to build, weaker response, utilizes IgM
Secondary:knows exactly what to do 
 has shorter lag phase 
Greater magnitude 
Class-switches IgG
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7
Q

Paratope

A

Antigen binding site on the antibody

Located on Fab variable region of the antibody

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8
Q

Epitope

A

Antigen determinant binding site on the antigen

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9
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Mediated by antibodies secreted by antigen-activated B cells and their progeny plasma cells

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10
Q

Reservoir

A

Habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies
Maintain pathogens over time, from year to year or generation to generation

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11
Q

Vertical transmission

A

From reservoir host to its offspring

  • congenital
  • perinatal
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12
Q

Congenital vertical transmission

A

Some pathogens can cross the placenta

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13
Q

Perinatal vertical transmission

A

During parturition, via colostrum

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14
Q

Horizontal transmission

A

From reservoir to a new host

  • direct
  • indirect
  • airborne
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15
Q

Vehicle

A

An inanimate object which serves to communicate disease

  • common vehicle
  • fomite
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16
Q

Vector

A

Living organism that serves to communicate disease (Arthropods)
Mechanical
Biological

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17
Q

Determinants that increase the likelihood of disease transmission

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Transmission
Host

18
Q

Primary level of disease prevention

A

Aimed at maintaining a healthy population
By vaccination
Or applying proper bio security measures

19
Q

Secondary level of disease prevention

A

Attempts to minimize damage after disease has occurred
Screening for breast cancer
In a herd- test and slaughter and stamping out

20
Q

Tertiary level of disease prevention

A

Rehab after primary and secondary fail
Applies to individual
Symptomatic, disease patient or population
Goal is to reduce complications p, slow down the professionals reduce severity of symptoms
Maintain the best quality of life

21
Q

Neutralization (of host reservoir)

A

Testing and slaughtering
Mass therapy
Environment manipulation

22
Q

Ways to break the chain of infection

A

Neutralization (host reservoir)
Interruption (mode of transmission)
Protection (portal of entry)
Immunization treatment (new susceptible host )

23
Q

Isolation

A

Animal known to be ill
Reduces probability of contact with susceptible host
Facilitates treatment

24
Q

Quarantine

A

Animals who have been exposed to disease

Doesn’t need to have any symptoms

25
Q

Chemoprophylaxis

A

Passive means of protection
Anti microbial drugs
Not best method

26
Q

Immunization

A

Best method

Vaccination

27
Q

The four Ws of immunization

A

Where-endemic area
When-seasons
Who-population at risk
Why-loss caused by disease is greater than cost of vaccination

28
Q

Herd immunity

A

Vaccination of significant portion of population provides measure of protection For individuals who have not developed immunity

29
Q

OIE guidelines for animal disease control program

A 
Rationale
Set goals and objectives
Program planning
Implementation
Diagnostic capability 
Vaccination and other control measures
Traceability
Regional cooperation
Social participation
Role of research in support of disease control programme 
Training and capacity building
30
Q

Establish disease control program

A

Situation
Impact
Level of interest and involvement of stakeholders

31
Q

Sentinel surveillance

A

Trapping and testing
Use sentinel animals
Dead birds testing
Sentinel serology

32
Q

National labs

A

Most important

Unique resources to handle highly infectious agents

33
Q

Reference labs

A

Ensure timely local response to threat agent

34
Q

Sentinel labs

A

In field
Front lines
Direct contact with patients

35
Q

Vaccination and other control measures requirements

A

Role of vaccination
Vaccine quality
Vaccine delivery
Vaccine and antigen banks

36
Q

DIVA

A

Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals

37
Q

Outbreak investigation

A 
Preparation for field work
Coordination with public health 
Confirmation of report triggered investigation
Confirm diagnosis
Follow-up and tracing
Collection and analysis of data
Control and preventative measures
Documentation and reporting
38
Q

GLEWS

A

Global early warning system

39
Q

FAO

A

Food and agriculture organization of United Nations

40
Q

WHO

A

World health organization

41
Q

Constitutive factors of innate immunity

A 
Age
Genetics
Metabolic factors
Neuroendocrine factors
Environment

PID (1 decks)

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