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Nursing 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

disease state that results from the presence of pathogens

Occurs as result of a cyclic process

A

Infection

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2
Q

personal contact with an inanimate object

A

Indirect Contact

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3
Q

Vehicles of Transmission…

A

contaminated blood, food, water

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4
Q

mosquitoes, ticks (transmit organisms from one host to another)

A

Vectors

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5
Q
  • infected host coughs, sneezes, organism may attach to dust
A

Airborne Route

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6
Q

degree of resistance the potential host has

A

Susceptibility

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7
Q

bacteria under certain conditions may be harmful in susceptible people

A

Opportunists

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8
Q

organism resides in body, no clinical signs of an infection

A

Colonization

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9
Q

originating in the hospital

A

Nosocomial

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10
Q

when organism is acquired from other people

A

Exogenous

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11
Q

comes from microbial life harbored in the person

A

Endogenous

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12
Q

results from a treatment or diagnostic procedure

A

Latrogenic

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13
Q

activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection

A

Asepsis

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14
Q

reduce the number and transfer of pathogens

A

Medical Asepsis

Clean Technique

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15
Q

practices used to render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms

A

Surgical Asepsis

Sterile Technique

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16
Q

measured in degrees (C), the difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the environment

A

Temperature

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17
Q

Higher than surface body temp. (rectal or tympanic temps)

A

Core Body Temperature

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18
Q

rapid rate, caused by decreased BP, elevated temp, exercise, pain, strong emotions, medications

A

Tachycardia

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19
Q

rate below 60 beats/min in adult

Causes: hypothermia, specific medications, trained athletes (at rest)

A

Bradycardia

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20
Q

quality of pulse in terms of its fullness usually strong at all areas where an artery can be palpated
absent
diminished (weaker than expected)
brisk (normal)
bounding

A

Amplitude

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21
Q

Pattern of the pulsations and the pauses between

A

Rhythm

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22
Q

irregular pattern of heartbeats

A

Dysrhythmia

23
Q

assess the pulse by palpating/feeling

A

Radial Pulse

24
Q

use stethoscope to auscultate the apical pulse

space between 5-6th ribs- 3 in. to left of median line and slightly below nipple

A

Apical Pulse

25
Q

Increased respiratory rate- caused by increased metabolic rate (fever) any lung condition that results in increased CO2, raises respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

26
Q

decrease in respiratory rate- due to depression of the respiratory system: narcotics, intracranial pressure

A

Bradypnea

27
Q

application of mechanical laws to the human body- use of proper body positions to provide protection from stress of movement and activity

A

Body Mechanics

28
Q

“practice of designing equipment and work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care.”

A

Patient Care Ergonomics

29
Q

patient independently moves joints

A

active exercise

30
Q

the nurse moves each joint through range of motion

A

passive exercise

31
Q

permanently contracted state of a muscle

A

contracture

32
Q

Comonents of Infection Cycle

A
  1. Infectious agent
  2. Reservoir
     Natural habitat of organism for growth and multiplication
    • People (carriers of the infectious agent)
    • Animals
  3. Portal of exit
     The point of escape for the organism from the reservoir
    o In people: Respiratory tract
  4. Means of transmission
  5. Portals of entry
  6. Susceptible host
33
Q

Nosocomial Infection

A

Originating in the hospital

34
Q

Standard Precautions

A 
Used in all hospitalized patients regardless of diagnosis or possible infection status apply to
•Blood
•All body fluids
•Secretions/excretions 
•Nonintact skin and mucous membranes
35
Q

Transmission Based Precautions

A

Airborne – TB, chicken pox, rubeola
Droplet – mumps, rubella
Contact – MRSA

36
Q

Implement precautions of Isolation

A

o Follow hand hygiene techniques
o Wear clean nonsterile gloves: (change gloves when needed)
o Wear PPE (personal protective equipment) gown, mask if splashes / sprays
o Follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette for pts, family members, visitors
o Surgical mask to coughing people
o 3 foot separation from patient

37
Q

worn to prevent soiling of healthcare worker’s clothing –barrier protection
worn once and discarded before leaving the room

A

Gowns

38
Q

prevent wearer from inhaling large/small droplets
o discourage wearer from touching eyes, nose, and mouth
o Filter respirator mask N95 for TB

A

Mask

39
Q

o Worn once / discarded / hand hygiene
o Always change prior to moving from a
o contaminated task to a clean one
o ** When care activities do not involve soilage of hands with body fluids, gloves are not necessary
o never leave the room wearing gloves
o write in patients’ chart, use computer keyboard, use cell phones, pages with contaminated gloves

A

Gloves

40
Q

o Goggles or face shield – must be available and use when risk of contaminating mucous membranes of eyes
o Suctioning a tracheostomy
o Assisting with invasive procedure

A

Protective eyewear

41
Q

o 120 - systolic pressure - highest pressure
______
o 80 - diastolic pressure – lowest (heart is resting between beats)

A

BP

42
Q

Subjective Data

A

What a patient says about the pain

• Hurts so bad, feels like stabbing pain

43
Q

Objective Data

A

What’s being observed

• Walks funny, startled awake due to pain, crying

44
Q

Calculate a pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

45
Q

absence of breathing

A

Apnea

46
Q

Difficult or labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

47
Q

Type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when patient sits or stands

A

Orthopnea

48
Q

temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position; synonym for postural hypotension

A

Orthostatic hypotension

49
Q

low body temp

A

Hypothermia

50
Q

force of blood against arterial walls

A

Blood Pressure

51
Q

least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between ventricular contractions

A

Diastolic pressure

52
Q

condition where body temp is elevated

A

Febrile

53
Q

Hypertension

A

BP elevated above upper limit of normal

54
Q

Hypotension

A

BP below lower limit of normal

Nursing 100 (1 decks)

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