Exam 2 Flashcards
What is one of the main ways in which the human skeleton has evolved to help dissipate impact forces during running ?
Larger bone joint surfaces
While running at moderate speeds, humans experience approximately _______ times their body weight in the form of ground reaction force ?
3-4
Name 3 ways humans have evolved to be good at thermoregulation
More sweat glands
More respiration through mouth
Body hair
Name 3 ways in which we reduce the amount of ground reaction force experienced through running
Increase limb compliance
Use a mid foot stroke running style
Use a forefoot strike running style
If acceleration of a person is equal to zero , what can we conclude about the motion of the person ?
The persons velocity may be equal to zero or they are traveling at a constant velocity
When calculation kinetic energy of a moving object which variable
Constitutes most to the amount of energy that is being produced ?
Velocity
Name 3 main principles of Sport Biomechanics
Technique improvement
Equipment improvement
Injury prevention
What is the primary reasons our arms swing when we walk/run?
To serve as a counterbalance mechanism
As a person moves farther away from earths surface, weight ______ while mass _____
Decreases , stays the same
True or false
Mass and weight are the same
False
According to Newton’s second law of motion and under the assumption that mass of an object remains constant, , in order to increase the amount of force being generated , you must increase________ of the object
Acceleration
What area of biomechanics studies the effect of forces on the human body ?
Kinetics
_____ is known as the father of biomechanics
Giovanni borelli
The more mass an object has the more _______ it also has
Inertia
Give an example of equipment improvement that enhances athletic performance
Shoes
Tracks
What two main components of hair determine running speed?
Stride length
Stride rate
Define biomechanics
The study of forces and their effects on living systems
Explain the study of ergonomics and give and example
The science of equipment design intended to maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue or discomfort
Example : standing desk
What is kinematics?
Describes the motion of the human body ( velocity , speed)
What’s the difference between static and dynamic biomechanics ?
Static - at rest or at a constant velocity
Dynamic- speeding up or slowing down
What is Isaac Newton known for?
Laws of physics
What two equations have the same variable but describe different principles ?
Momentum - mass x velocity
Kinetic - 1/2 mass x velocity^2
Who has more inertia ? 60kg gymnast or 60kg swimmer?
They are both the same
What does mechanical work describe?
Moving force over a certain distance
Force x distance
Dick Fosbury invented the Fosbury flop. Why is this better then the western roll?
Center of gravity is below the bar
What are two ways we can reduce the amount of unpack forces experienced during running?
Utilizing the most efficient step rate
Limb compliance
What is momentum ?
What is the equation?
Mass on the move
Mass x velocity
How much ground reaction force do humans experience during running and how does it change with speed?
3-4 body weight
Increases with increase in speed
What is the difference between mass and weight ?
Weight = mass +gravity
Mass is the amount of space your body takes up
According to the Endurance running and evolution of the homo article , why might “trotting” be an inefficient form of running?
Vertical displacement of mass does not contribute to forward motion
