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Global Health and Disease > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory disease

A

SARS

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2
Q

Acute disease

A

SARS

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3
Q

Geographic origin of SARS?

A

Guandong Province (Southern China)

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4
Q

City WOW associated as earliest case of SARS?

A

Fushan

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5
Q

Newly emerging disease developed from a previously unknown disease agent

A

SARS

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6
Q

Hot zones of SARS?

A

China, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada

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7
Q

Spread by close contact with an infected person? (coughing and sneezing)

A

SARS

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8
Q

What was central to global diffusion of SARS?

A

Global air traffic

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9
Q

Origin of SARS “outbreak”?

A

Horseshoe bat

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10
Q

What was responsible for the control/elimination of SARS?

A

Global public health

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11
Q

If ____ reemerges it will be a seasonal disease

A

SARS-CoV

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12
Q

Interesting characteristic about SARS?

A

Superspreaders

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13
Q

In addition to respiratory also attacks the gastrointestinal and other organ tracts

A

SARS

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14
Q

SAR injury?

A
  • Cellular destruction due to viral replication
  • Immune hyperactivity
  • Pulmonary epithelial destruction
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15
Q

What is immune hyperactivity?

A
  • Cytokine overproduction

- Macrophage concentration

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16
Q

What is pulmonary epithelial destruction?

A

Alveolar damage

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17
Q

Any non-antibody proteins (ex-lymphokines)

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

Released by cell population on contact with a specific antigen

A

Cytokines

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19
Q

Intercellular mediators

A

Cytokines

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20
Q

Declared contained July 9, 2003

A

SARS

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21
Q

The precise coronavirus that caused SARS is mostly contained within _____laboratories

A

BSL-4

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22
Q

Acute respiratory infection due to influenza virus

A

Influenza

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23
Q

Highly contagious with any contact with secretions or infected person

A

Influenza

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24
Q

Incubation period of influenza?

A

1-5 days

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25
Q

Communicability of influenza?

A

1-2 days before clinical signs. 4-5 days after onset

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26
Q

Timing of Influenza?

A

Peak Dec-March

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27
Q

Some strains of ____cause more severe illness than others

A

Influenza

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28
Q

Symptoms of influenza?

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Fever, headache, muscle aches, severe weakness
  • couch, sore throat, difficulty breathing
  • In children vomiting and diarrhea
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29
Q

Type____ Influenza infects animals

A

A

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30
Q

Type ____ Influenza is responsible for pandemics

A

A

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31
Q

Type____ Influenza is seasonal Influenza epidemics

A

B

32
Q

Type____ Influenza is mild, no concern

A

C

33
Q

Type____ and ____ Influenza infect only humans no pandemics

A

B,C

34
Q

Global Surveillance to select strains for annual vaccines is tracked by?

A

Inflenza virus antigentic drift

35
Q

What is antigenetic drift?

A

Small changes resulting in mutations that change surface proteins, therefore producing new strains that previous infection doesn’t recognize

36
Q

Source of InfluenzaA virus?

A

Birds

37
Q

Pandemic originating in Kansas?

A

1918-1919 pandemic

38
Q

Unique characteristic about 1918-1919 pandemic?

A

Caused high mortality rates among healthy individuals

39
Q

Caused ~50million deaths

A

1918-1919 pandemic

40
Q

Called the “Mother of all Pandemics”

A

1918-1919 pandemic

41
Q

A zoonotic disease?

A

Plague

42
Q

Etiologic agent responsible is yersinia pests bacterium

A

Plague

43
Q

Etiologic agent for the plague?

A

Yersinia pestis bacturium

44
Q

Common animal reservoir for Plague?

A

Rat

45
Q

Vector of the Plague?

A

flea-Xenopysylla cheopis

46
Q

How do humans get plague from flea?

A

Moves from gut into human where it suppresses T-lymphocyte activation when it gets in the blood

47
Q

3 strands of Yersinia pestis bacterium?

A
  • Orientalis
  • Medievalis
  • Antiqua
48
Q

When it can live within and outside host cells?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen

49
Q

Killed an estimated 25-40 million people

A

Black Death

50
Q

Group responsible for bringing plague into Europe?

A

Merchants (italian) trading with Asia-brought rats with fleas

51
Q

Modern highest population loss of the Black Death?

A

France

52
Q

3 forms of plague?

A
  • Septicemic
  • Bubonic
  • Pnuemonic
53
Q

3 “great” pandemics?

A
  • Justinian
  • Black Death
  • Bombay plague
54
Q

Origin of Justinian plague?

A

Middle East and Mediterranean

55
Q

Time period of Justinian plague?

A

6th-8th Century

56
Q

Origin of Black Death?

A

Northern China

57
Q

Origin of Bombay Plague?

A

Yunnan Province China

58
Q

Time period of Black Death?

A

14th-19th Century

59
Q

Plague appeared in US in 19th Century?

A

Bombay plague

60
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome?

A

AIDS

61
Q

HIV-__isolated in 1984

A

1

62
Q

HIV-__isolated in 1986

A

2

63
Q

Slow virus with a long incubation period?

A

Lentivirus

64
Q

____ have enveloped RNA genetic material

A

HIV

65
Q

HIV1 and 2 are ___% similar

A

40

66
Q

From 1981-2014 ______ have died from AIDS related causes

A

36 million

67
Q

____million people living with HIV globally in 2014

A

37 million

68
Q

Incubation period for HIV?

A

7 years

69
Q

Supposed cause of HIV?

A

Simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzees

70
Q

Progress of HIV infection?

A
  • Acute infection
  • Chronic lymphadenopathy
  • Sub-clinical immune dysfunction
  • Systemic immune deficiency
71
Q

1981 scientist to identify HIV-1?

A

Anthony Fauci

72
Q

1983 scientist that discovers AIDS related virus LAV?

A

Lue Montagnier

73
Q

1985 scientists(2) that identify HTLV-III?

A

Robert Gallo and Anthony Fauci

74
Q

Milder and less virulent HIV?

A

2

75
Q

Reasons for rapid pandemic development?

A
  • World Airline Routes
  • Blood and blood products industry
  • Global diffusion of intravenous drug use

Global Health and Disease (1 decks)

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