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Phonetics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Language

A

System/symbolic system

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2
Q

Silent letter

A

Written letters that represent no sound

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3
Q

Speech

A

Is equal to articulation, motor movement, physical movements.

  • a pattern of movements
  • pattern of acoustic vibrations
  • conversion of language to sound

It is studies by observing the movements and by recording the acoustic signal.

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4
Q

Phonology

A

System of sound production

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5
Q

Graphemes

A

Printed letters

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6
Q

Digraph

A

Pairs of letters representing ONE sound

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7
Q

Orthography

A

Written language

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8
Q

Phonology

A

Systematic organization of speech sounds in the production of Language.

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9
Q

Phonetics

A

The study of production of speech sound: the FORM (articulation), SUBSTANCE ( acoustic properties), and PERCEPTION.

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10
Q

Morphology

A

Word structure/meaningful sequences of sound

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11
Q

Semantics

A

Meaning
Word knowledge
Vocabulary
Meaning of words and sentences

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12
Q

Syntax

A

Grammar
Order/sentence structure
Rules of sentence/phrase formation

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13
Q

Pragmatics

A

The functional use of language between speakers and listeners for effective communication.

First name v last name

How we use/manipulate other areas of language in social settings

Code switching

   Ex. Eye contact, proximity,presupposition, greeting/closure, Conversational skills.
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14
Q

Prosody

A

Rate
Stress patterns
Pauses

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15
Q

Stress pattern

A

Frequency, duration, on word or vowel.

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16
Q

Language learning disabilities

A

Usually all aspects of language are affected-spoken and written, difficulty with academics.

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17
Q

Specific language impairment

A

Does not exhibit the academic difficulties of LLD. Perhaps only one system of language is affected.

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18
Q

Dyslexia

A

Specific reading disability. Phonology may be affected.

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19
Q

Allographs

A

Different letter sequences that represent the same sound.

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20
Q

Social pragmatically disorder

A

Can have an impact on many areas

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21
Q

Aphasia

A

Language disorder usually cause by stroke

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22
Q

Apraxia

A

Motor speech disorder
Motor planning
Hard to plan what they want to say
Can be cause by stroke

23
Q

Types of

Clients

A 
Lang delay
Autistic
Speech delay
Apraxic 
Post stroke
Traumatic brain injury (effect pragmatically, cognitive function, semantics)
Cleft palate
Accent modification
24
Q

We work in

A

Private practices

Clinics
Schools
Hospitals 
Homes
Traveler
25
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of language that carries meaning.

26
Q

Regular verb endings

A

(Plural -s)

-Ed -inc pre- re-

Suffixes:

  • tion
  • ive
27
Q

Bound morpheme

A

Cant stand alone and carry meaning

Attached to free morpheme

28
Q

Free morpheme

A

CAN stand alone and carry a meaning

29
Q

Morpheme trees!!!

A

Onset

Rhyme : nucleus and coda

30
Q

Phoneme

A

Family of sounds that signals a change in meaning.

Ex. Book and look /b/ to /l/

31
Q

Minimal contrast/minimal pairs

A

Words that vary by only

One phoneme.

32
Q

Virgules

A

/ / used for phonemic transcription

33
Q

Allophone

A

Sound change that does not signal a change in meaning

34
Q

Phonetic difference

A

Differences between words constrained by the other sounds around the phoneme. This is the phonetic environment and it can create a phonetic difference.

35
Q

Complementary distribution

A

Allophones that must be produced in a certain way due to other sounds in the word. Not interchangeable.

36
Q

Free variation

A

Allophones that are not linked to phonetic context and are interchangeable.
Pop or pop💨 hit or hit💨
Can say both ways

37
Q

Systematic narrow

A

Transcription or allophonic transcription([ ])

38
Q

Minimal pairs

A

A change in a phoneme that changed a morpheme.

Word that vary my a single phoneme.

Ex. Book. Look.

39
Q

Onset

A

All consonants, single of clustered that precede a vowel.

40
Q

Rhyme

A

Made up of nucleus and coda

41
Q

Nucleus

A

Usually vowel sound,
Can be syllabic consonant.
Every syllable has a nucleus.

42
Q

CODA

A

Consonant that follows the nucleus.
May be a single consonant or consonant cluster
Coda may not be present,
NO coda =open syllable CODA= closed syllable

43
Q

Word stress

A

Presidio feature with linguistic significance.
Syllables are produced with different levels of effort.

Longer duration,⬆ pitch, greater in intensity.
Pitch️ increase important in alerting listener to the stressed.

44
Q

Speech production systems

A
  • respiration
  • phonation
  • resonance
  • articulation
  • prosody
45
Q

Respiration

A

Primary role is breathing
Speech production
Speech CANNOT happen without a steady supply of air stream
-involve lungs, trachea, rib cage, thorax, abdomen, diaphragm

We take preparatory breath when we speak. When we speak its 10%inhalation and 90% exhalation.

46
Q

Phonation

A

Air stream enters larynx
Pressure on vocal folds, if pressure is great enough then it pushes VF apart.
The resulting vibration Of vocal folds are phonation.

47
Q

Cognates

A

All vowels and several consonants are voiced.
Some have place and manner the same but are voiced differently producing different sounds.
/s/ v /z/

48
Q

Abduction

A

Vocal folds are apart for voiceless

49
Q

Addiction

A

Voiced sounds.

Alternate with abduction during speech production

50
Q

Fundamental frequency

A

Is the habitual pitch

51
Q

Resonance

A

Oral, nasal and pharyngeal cavities

Each phoneme has unique vocal tract shape and accompanying.

By changing shape we change harmonics amplified.

52
Q

Quality

A

Perceptual character of a sound based on its acoustic resonance patterns

53
Q

Articulation

A 
Oral/nasal cavity
-jaw (maxilla & mandible)
-tongue (tip and base)
-teeth
-lips
-hard palate
         Alveolar ridge
-soft palate AKA velum
         Velooharyngeal mechanism
54
Q

Velopharyngeal mechanism

A

Is contracted during speech and prevents the sound produced from having a nasal quality to it. It keeps air from traveling into the nasal cavity keeping speech with good quality.

Phonetics (1 decks)

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