Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 182 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of plants?

A

Herbaceous and Woody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give examples of herbaceous annual plants and tell how long they live.

A

ex: corn, marigolds, poppies

live for 1 year or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the brown spot on the underside of a fern lef composed of?

A

multiple sporangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What generation is dominant in moss and what is the phylum?

A

gametophyte (n, haploid) generation is dominant and sporophyte (2n, diploid) generation is dependent on gametophyte generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe alternation of generations

A

There are two phases , sporophyte and a gametophyte.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List characteristics of ferns

A
  1. the have xylem and phloem
  2. sporophyte generation is dominant
  3. Leaf is called a frond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of plants above ground portions die back and become dormant and when?

A

The aerial portion of herbaceous biennials and periannials during winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is primary growth?

A

Primary growth establishes the length in shoots and roots of the plant, vertical height.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is secondary growth?

A

Secondary growth is most evident in woody trees and grows the girth of the plant, or the width…thin of the rings in a tree trunk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What tyes of plants can herbaceous plants be?

A

annuals, biannuals, perennials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What groud tissue is dead at maturity and what does it provide?

A

Sclerenchyma tissue, provides protection and structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the functions of parenchyma ground tissue

A

photosynthesis

secretion

storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Xylem?

A

Vascular tissue that transports minerals and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does moss obtain water and nutrients?

A

Diffusion and osmosis all over its body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is moss a single matted plant?

A

No, there are several indiidual plants together in one big colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is phloem?

A

Vascular tissue that transports sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List characteristics of epidermis

A

covers herbaceous body

reduces water loss

allows for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apical meristems

A

does not allow for growth in girth or thickness.

primary growth for height and length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Land plants are believed to be branched from or genetically closer to

A

green algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

archegonium

A

female sexual structure in plants

produces eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anthridium

A

male sexual structure in plants that produces sperm/pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seedless plants

A

moss

fern

hornwort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the heart shaped structure in the soil of ferns?

A

gametophyte, haploid n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

in ferrns fertilizations occurs???

A

underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

uses for conifers

A

christmas trees, paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

on a conifer, a scale is a modified what?

A

scale is a modified leaf

28
Q

pine tree generation

A

dominant generation

sporophyte

29
Q

male pine cone produces

A

pollen

30
Q

Cycads characteristics

A

pollen sacs develop under the scales of male cones

emit toxic odor

insects assist in pollination

dioecious

31
Q

Parallel leaf venation

A

monocots

veins parallel to leaf

ex. corn

32
Q

pinnate

A

leaf venation where there is a distinct middle vein which have many veins off of main vein

usually dicots

33
Q

compound leaf

A

multiple leaflets

axillary bud at bottom of single leaf

34
Q

blade

A

broad flat part of leaf

35
Q

stipules

A

leaf-like outgrowths at the base of the leaf stalk

36
Q

petioles

A

stalk at the base of the blade attaching the leaf to the stem

37
Q

leaf epidermis characteristics

A

some cells modified to form tricho,es

cells covered by waxy cuticle

rells are relatively transparent

contains stomata

38
Q

Only epidermal cells in leaves with chloroplasts

A

guard cells

39
Q

stomata

A

openings in the epidermis surrounded by two guard cells that open to let water in and out

stimulated by blue light from sun

40
Q

middle portion of leaf

A

mesophyll

41
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

primary function is better diffusion of gases

42
Q

adapted/modified leaves

A
  • spines: to defend and conserve water
  • scales
  • tendrils
  • bud scales: protect meristematic tissue ex: asparagus
  • bulbs
  • succulent: water storage
  • carnivorous: obtain N from insects
43
Q

what is mesophyll made up of

A

parenchyma cells

palisade mesophyll in dicots toward sunside tightly packed

spongy mesophyll underside of leaf, for gas exchange

44
Q

xylem

A

sunside of leaf

lets water and minerals in

45
Q

phloem

A

transfers sugar

underside

46
Q

monocots

A

no spongy layer in epidermis

fibrous roots

parallel veins in leaves

round guard cells

ex: corn, some grasses, reeds, sedges

embryonic root dies off

47
Q

dicots

A

netted veins in leaves

round guard cells

split cotyledons

48
Q

dicot embryo stages

A
  1. proembryo: 1st stage
  2. Globular: cell division, forms ball of cells
  3. Heart Stage: 2 cotyledons begin to emerge
  4. Torpedo stage: cotyledons elongate
  5. Maturing embryo: original stored food is depleted, ost food now stored in cotyledon

*mature seed: sporophyte generation

49
Q

pollinating agents

A
  • insects: yellow, blue, violet flowers; UV range wavelengths; scented flowers *desert lupins turn red when pollinated*
  • birds: no smell; flowers yellows, orange, red
  • bats: important in tropics; rotting flesh; dusky white petals
  • wind: small flowers, grasses, partial flowers, no petals, no nectar
50
Q

transpiration

A

water loss usually during the day, thru stomata

51
Q

guttation

A

when leaves pump water out thru stomata

52
Q

abscission

A

loss of leaves, during winter, at end of petiole

53
Q

Pollen

A
  • forms within pollen sacs in anthers
  • each pollen grain has 2 cells
    • 1 generates 2 sperm cells
    • 1 produces polen tube for sperm to travel to reach ovule
54
Q

eggs

A
  • 1 egg
  • seeds form food during fertilization for seed to grow off of (double fertilization)
  • 2 poar nuclei
  • female gametophyte
55
Q

ovaries

A
  • potential to develop into fruits
  • fruits: mature ripened ovary
  • seeds: enclosed within fruits
56
Q

simple fruits

A
  • develop from single ovary
  • most fruit are simple have hard tissue around seed
  • ex: bananas, citrus, nuts, legume, stonefruit, berries
57
Q

aggregate

A
  • develop from single flower
  • lots of style, stigma, pistils in one berry
  • each section of berry is an ovary
58
Q

multiple fruits

A
  • develop from ovaries of many flowers
  • ex: lantana, pineapple
  • multiple flowers over a single stigma style ovary
59
Q

accessory fruits

A
  • ovary grows outside
  • es: apples
  • seeds contain arsenic
  • ovary is “core”
60
Q

dehiscence

A

seeds dry out and explode to disperse

61
Q

seed germination factors

A
  • maturity of embryo
  • presence of absence of chemical inhibitors
  • seed coat
62
Q

seed sprouting

A

external: oxygen, water, temp, light

dry seeds absorb water by imbition (swelling of seeds)

63
Q

rhizome

A

horizontal underground stem, dispersed when grass is mowed

64
Q

bulb

A

onions

meristematic tissue

can be planted to grow new roots

each garlic clove is an axillary bud

65
Q

apoximis

A

seeds and fruits without rsexual reproduction

ex: dandelions, citrus trees, mangos, blackberries, garlic

66
Q
A

Bio 182 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions