Exam 2

Question 1

What are the 2 types of plants?

Answer 1

Herbaceous and Woody

Question 2

Give examples of herbaceous annual plants and tell how long they live.

Answer 2

ex: corn, marigolds, poppies

live for 1 year or less

Question 3

What is the brown spot on the underside of a fern lef composed of?

Answer 3

multiple sporangium

Question 4

What generation is dominant in moss and what is the phylum?

Answer 4

gametophyte (n, haploid) generation is dominant and sporophyte (2n, diploid) generation is dependent on gametophyte generation

Question 5

Describe alternation of generations

Answer 5

There are two phases , sporophyte and a gametophyte.

Question 6

List characteristics of ferns

Answer 6

1. the have xylem and phloem
2. sporophyte generation is dominant
3. Leaf is called a frond

Question 7

What types of plants above ground portions die back and become dormant and when?

Answer 7

The aerial portion of herbaceous biennials and periannials during winter

Question 9

What is primary growth?

Answer 9

Primary growth establishes the length in shoots and roots of the plant, vertical height.

Question 10

What is secondary growth?

Answer 10

Secondary growth is most evident in woody trees and grows the girth of the plant, or the width…thin of the rings in a tree trunk.

Question 11

What tyes of plants can herbaceous plants be?

Answer 11

annuals, biannuals, perennials

Question 12

What groud tissue is dead at maturity and what does it provide?

Answer 12

Sclerenchyma tissue, provides protection and structural support

Question 13

List the functions of parenchyma ground tissue

Answer 13

photosynthesis

secretion

storage

Question 14

What is Xylem?

Answer 14

Vascular tissue that transports minerals and water

Question 15

How does moss obtain water and nutrients?

Answer 15

Diffusion and osmosis all over its body

Question 16

Is moss a single matted plant?

Answer 16

No, there are several indiidual plants together in one big colony

Question 17

What is phloem?

Answer 17

Vascular tissue that transports sugars

Question 18

List characteristics of epidermis

Answer 18

covers herbaceous body

reduces water loss

allows for gas exchange

Question 19

Apical meristems

Answer 19

does not allow for growth in girth or thickness.

primary growth for height and length

Question 20

Land plants are believed to be branched from or genetically closer to

Answer 20

green algae

Question 21

archegonium

Answer 21

female sexual structure in plants

produces eggs

Question 22

anthridium

Answer 22

male sexual structure in plants that produces sperm/pollen

Question 23

Seedless plants

Answer 23

moss

fern

hornwort

Question 24

What is the heart shaped structure in the soil of ferns?

Answer 24

gametophyte, haploid n

Question 25

in ferrns fertilizations occurs???

Answer 25

underground

Question 26

uses for conifers

Answer 26

christmas trees, paper

Question 27

on a conifer, a scale is a modified what?

Answer 27

scale is a modified leaf

Question 28

pine tree generation

Answer 28

dominant generation sporophyte

Question 29

male pine cone produces

Answer 29

pollen

Question 30

Cycads characteristics

Answer 30

pollen sacs develop under the scales of male cones emit toxic odor insects assist in pollination dioecious

Question 31

Parallel leaf venation

Answer 31

monocots veins parallel to leaf ex. corn

Question 32

pinnate

Answer 32

leaf venation where there is a distinct middle vein which have many veins off of main vein usually dicots

Question 33

compound leaf

Answer 33

multiple leaflets axillary bud at bottom of single leaf

Question 34

blade

Answer 34

broad flat part of leaf

Question 35

stipules

Answer 35

leaf-like outgrowths at the base of the leaf stalk

Question 36

petioles

Answer 36

stalk at the base of the blade attaching the leaf to the stem

Question 37

leaf epidermis characteristics

Answer 37

some cells modified to form tricho,es cells covered by waxy cuticle rells are relatively transparent contains stomata

Question 38

Only epidermal cells in leaves with chloroplasts

Answer 38

guard cells

Question 39

stomata

Answer 39

openings in the epidermis surrounded by two guard cells that open to let water in and out stimulated by blue light from sun

Question 40

middle portion of leaf

Answer 40

mesophyll

Question 41

spongy mesophyll

Answer 41

primary function is better diffusion of gases

Question 42

adapted/modified leaves

Answer 42

* spines: to defend and conserve water * scales * tendrils * bud scales: protect meristematic tissue ex: asparagus * bulbs * succulent: water storage * carnivorous: obtain N from insects

Question 43

what is mesophyll made up of

Answer 43

parenchyma cells palisade mesophyll in dicots toward sunside tightly packed spongy mesophyll underside of leaf, for gas exchange

Question 44

xylem

Answer 44

sunside of leaf lets water and minerals in

Question 45

phloem

Answer 45

transfers sugar underside

Question 46

monocots

Answer 46

no spongy layer in epidermis fibrous roots parallel veins in leaves round guard cells ex: corn, some grasses, reeds, sedges embryonic root dies off

Question 47

dicots

Answer 47

netted veins in leaves round guard cells split cotyledons

Question 48

dicot embryo stages

Answer 48

1. proembryo: 1st stage 2. Globular: cell division, forms ball of cells 3. Heart Stage: 2 cotyledons begin to emerge 4. Torpedo stage: cotyledons elongate 5. Maturing embryo: original stored food is depleted, ost food now stored in cotyledon \*mature seed: sporophyte generation

Question 49

pollinating agents

Answer 49

* insects: yellow, blue, violet flowers; UV range wavelengths; scented flowers \*desert lupins turn red when pollinated\* * birds: no smell; flowers yellows, orange, red * bats: important in tropics; rotting flesh; dusky white petals * wind: small flowers, grasses, partial flowers, no petals, no nectar

Question 50

transpiration

Answer 50

water loss usually during the day, thru stomata

Question 51

guttation

Answer 51

when leaves pump water out thru stomata

Question 52

abscission

Answer 52

loss of leaves, during winter, at end of petiole

Question 53

Pollen

Answer 53

* forms within pollen sacs in anthers * each pollen grain has 2 cells * 1 generates 2 sperm cells * 1 produces polen tube for sperm to travel to reach ovule

Question 54

eggs

Answer 54

* 1 egg * seeds form food during fertilization for seed to grow off of (double fertilization) * 2 poar nuclei * female gametophyte

Question 55

ovaries

Answer 55

* potential to develop into fruits * fruits: mature ripened ovary * seeds: enclosed within fruits

Question 56

simple fruits

Answer 56

* develop from single ovary * most fruit are simple have hard tissue around seed * ex: bananas, citrus, nuts, legume, stonefruit, berries

Question 57

aggregate

Answer 57

* develop from single flower * lots of style, stigma, pistils in one berry * each section of berry is an ovary

Question 58

multiple fruits

Answer 58

* develop from ovaries of many flowers * ex: lantana, pineapple * multiple flowers over a single stigma style ovary

Question 59

accessory fruits

Answer 59

* ovary grows outside * es: apples * seeds contain arsenic * ovary is "core"

Question 60

dehiscence

Answer 60

seeds dry out and explode to disperse

Question 61

seed germination factors

Answer 61

* maturity of embryo * presence of absence of chemical inhibitors * seed coat

Question 62

seed sprouting

Answer 62

external: oxygen, water, temp, light dry seeds absorb water by **imbition** (swelling of seeds)

Question 63

rhizome

Answer 63

horizontal underground stem, dispersed when grass is mowed

Question 64

bulb

Answer 64

onions meristematic tissue can be planted to grow new roots each garlic clove is an axillary bud

Question 65

apoximis

Answer 65

seeds and fruits without rsexual reproduction ex: dandelions, citrus trees, mangos, blackberries, garlic