Exam 2 Flashcards
Metaphonology
The ability to pay attention to, and reflect upon, the phonological structure of language.
Categorical perception
Knowledge of which acoustic word properties are important to our language
Recognition masking
The ability to perceive sound, even when covered up.
Phonemic restoration
Filling in phonemes that have dropped out and are not heard
Simple & complex sentences
1
Overregularization
1
Grammatical morphemes*
1
Free morphemes*
1
Bound morphemes*
1
MLU
1
Propositions
ideas
Regression
1
Motherese
1
Semantic absurdities
things that don’t make sense
Relative quantity terms
some, lots, a few, many
Kinship terms
mommy, daddy, sister
Dimensional adjective pairs
big-little
Deictic terms*
Words whose use and interpretation depend on the location of a speaker and listener within a particular setting. To use such terms correctly, children must be able to adopt their conversational partners’ perspective. Examples: the terms here and this, used to indicate proximity to the speaker, and the terms there and that, used to indicate proximity to the listener.
Fast mapping
creating associations with minimal exposure
Lexical innovations*
creating new words based on prior word knowledge
Extendibility
Extendibility Principle a word can refer to items that have similar attributes
The notion that words label categories of objects, not using the original exemplar. Therefore, the word ball can be used to describe multiple objects that fall under the basic-level category ball.
Categorical assumption
gives the same label to related entities
Overextentions*
broad use of words
Loose associations
No meaningful/logical connection to the concept
Wrong referent
wrong word use
Underextensions*
narrow use of words
Propositional analysis
Ideas conveyed through connected speech/writing
Relational semantics
Meanings conveyed by the relationships between words
Lexical semantics
The meaning conveyed by individual words
Conventionality assumption
Conventionality Assumption expecting consistency in the use of words and what they represent
Reference principle
words symbolize objects, actions, events, and concepts (Ex: dog, run)
Whole-object principle
Whole-Object Principle a label refers to a whole entity rather than a part
words map to whole objects (ex: bird = entire bird, not just a part)
Novel-name principle
Novel Nameless Assumption linking a word to a gesture
A principle stating that a nameless object included in a group of known objects should be the recipient of a novel label. Supporting the principle of object scope, the principle of N3C is based on the principle of mutual exclusivity but does not presuppose that children avoid attaching more than one label to an object.
Bootstrapping
Going from little knowledge to a lot by using what you have
Evocative utterances
Expressive strategies used by toddler
child names an item and gets feedback
Hypothesis testing
Expressive strategies used by toddler
child seeks confirmation by using a rise in intonation
Selective imitation
Expressive strategies used by toddler
repeats words
Interrogative utterance
Expressive strategies used by toddler
repeats words
