Exam 2 Flashcards
does short term or long term memory remain more stable in older adults?
short term
T or F, personality changes significantly as one ages
F, it does not change very much
the response to demand or pressure
stress
negative effects of stress
sleep problems
chronic/high anxiety levels
use of alcohol or drugs
jumpiness/unable to sit still
new onset HTN, tachycardia, tremors, or irregular HR
depression, chronic fatigue, lack of pleasure in life
chronic pain
delusion
false belief
hallucination
false perceptions and sensations
what age group has the highest rate of suicide?
ages 65 and older
major risk factor for suicide in older adults
depression
significant wt loss/gain, changes in sleep patterns, agitation/slowness, fatigue/loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, inability to concentrate and make decisions, recurrent thoughts of suicide or death
symptoms of depression–if 4 are identified that last at least 2 weeks and the person has changes in relationships and daily function, then they are in a major depressive state
how long does delirium usually last?
about a week
epilepsy
2 or more unprovoked seizures
status epilepticus
a seizure that lasts more than 10 mins or groups of seizures that occur in rapid succession and last a combined time of 30 mins–neuro emergency
chorea
involuntary twitching of the limbs or facial muscles
dystonia
involuntary muscle contractions forcing unusual or painful positions
a chronic, progressive disease characterized by abnormal movements and extrapyramidal sxs
parkinson’s disease
the only way to definitively diagnose alzheimer’s
autopsy after death
stages of dementia
stage 1: early-mild
stage 2: middle-moderate
stage 3: late-severe
terminal
cholinesterase inhibitors
block the enzymes that destroy acetylcholine in dementia pts
donepezil (aricept)
rivastigmine (exelon)
galantamine (reminyl)
major side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors
GI disturbances
NMDA antagonist
memantine (namenda), works on glutamate to improve fxn in dementia pts
memory, personality, spatial, and disorientation: what stage of AD?
stage 1: mild
aphasia, apraxia, confusion, agitation, insomnia: what stage of AD?
stage 2: moderate
resistiveness, incontinence, eating difficulties, motor impairment: what stage of AD?
stage 3: severe
bedfast, mute, dysphagia, intercurrent infections: what stage of AD?
terminal
agnosia
inability to recognize objects
anomia
problems naming objects or finding words
apraxia
inability to carry out learned and purposeful movements
frontal lobe
language, motor fxn, judgment, problem solving, impulse control, reasoning, memory, executive fxn
executive function
ability to plan and think abstractly
temporal lobe
language, memory, hearing, perception, recognition
occipital lobe
visual
parietal
sensory
neurons
communicate messages through neurotransmitters