Exam 2 Flashcards by Nicole Harrington

Two drugs used for closure of the esophageal groove in cattle?

Polxalene and docusate sodium

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What drug is used IV for systemic acidosis?

Sodium Bicarbonate

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Which type of bloat is more critical to treat Frothy or Non Frothy?

Frothy and it is when gas bubbles are in the rumen

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Which class of drugs are used to treat rumen atony?

Cholinergics- bethanacol and neostigmine

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What is an oral antacid used for rumen acidosis ?

Mg oxide

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Which drug may be used for shock due to rumen acidosis?

Glucocorticoids such as Dex

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Oral antibiotics______lactic acid production?

inhibit

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What may be used in the treatment of urea poisoning?

Acetic acid or 5% vinegar followed by a large amount of cold water

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True or False: Using acetic acid or vinegar decreases the pH of the blood?

FALSE decreases pH of the rumen

Shifts rumen to acidic state so ammonia is trapped and not absorbed

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Oral treatment of bovine ketosis?

propylene glycol or ammonium lactate

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Iv treatment of bovine ketosis?

Glucose 50% IV bolus

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Pseudopregnancy in the bitch is associated with elevated ?

Plasma prolactin

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True or False: Treatment of psuedopregnancy in the bitch includes ; testosterone, estrogen, dopamine agonists, furosemide and dopamine antagonists

FALSE not Dopamine ANTAGonists

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Treatment of follicular cysts in cattle and bitches ? And also induce ovulation in the mare

hCG(LH)

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Drug combination for induction of super ovulation in cattle?

FSH or ECG used with PGF2alpha

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Combination of drugs used to induce estrus in gilts?

FSH/hCG

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This drug clinically has the same effects as LH but shorter peptide is less antigenic causing fewer hypersensitivity reactions?

GnRH

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This drug is approved to induce ovulation in the mare

Deslorelin acetate (ovuplant)

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This combination of drugs can be used as growth promoters in feedlot heifers and steer?

Testosterone/trenbolone in combination with estrogen sometimes

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DOC for anemia in small animals?

EPO

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What anabolic steroid is approved only in horses and may be used to improve athletic performance?

Boldenone

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This anabolic steroid is approved in dogs, cats and horses?

Stanozolol

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This drug is used for growth promotion in cattle and SHEEP?

Zeranol

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Adverse side effects of estrogen?

Follicular cysts
****pyometra
****Aplastic anemia and leukopenia
Bone fractures
vaginal or uterine prolapse
feminization

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This drug prepares the uterus for implantation, relaxes uterus, and development of mammary glands?

Progesterone

This drug synchronizes the estrus cycle in large animals?

Progesterone

Approved progesterone in bitches and use?

Megestrol acetate used as contraception and to suppress estrus

Approved progesterone in cats and use?

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate- used for behavioral problems

Approved progesterone in mares and use?

Altenogest- suppression of estrus and synchronization in mares

Melengerstrol acetate, norgestomet implants, and syncromate B are used in ?

Cattle | Growth promotion and synchronization of estrus- skin implant

4 Major adverse effects of progesterone?

* ***Cystic endometrial hyperplasia * ****pyometria * *****Hyperglycemia * *****inhibition of adrenal cortex others: increased appetite , acromeglay, mammary enlargement, weight gain, lethargy etc.

This drug activates protein kinase C and inhibits steroid synthesis . Increasing intracellular free Ca causes cell death and regression of CL

Prostaglandin F2a

DOC for induction of parturition in swine and cattle?

PGF2a

Drug used in treatment of silent estrus and pyometra in cattle?

PGF2a

True of false: It is ok to use Prostaglandins for expulsion of mummified fetus of the cervix if closes?

False only if dilated

Extra label use of PGF2a in small animals?

treating uterine infections in bitch or queen

Dinoprost thromethamine approved in these species?

cattle mares sows

Cloprostenol approved in these species?

cattle

Fenprostalene approved in these species?

Cattle

Fluprosterol approved in these species?

Mares

DOC of parturition induction in mares and small animals?

oxytocin

DOC of parturition induction in Cattle?

PGF2a

These drugs act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolactin causing luteolysis?

Prolactin inhibitors ergoline derivatives

Bromocriptine and Cabergoline are used for these two things small animals?

Mismating and pseudopregnancy

What phase of estrus does pseudopregnancy take place in?

Diestrus

Drugs that inhibit uterine contractions?

Tocolytics : B2 agonists Magnesium sulfate Inhalation anesthetics

3 drugs which treat agalactia aka the inability to produce milk ?

dopamine antagonists metoclopramide domperidone

This drug is used to treat prostate hypertrophy?

finasteride

MOA of Finasteride?

Inhibits the enzyme 5 a reductase in the prostate which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

GnRH antagonists reduce?

Testosterone

This drug is used for chemical castration in dogs?

Zinc gluconate with arginine

3 drugs used for pharmacological ejaculation in stallions?

*Imipramine *A2 agonists like xylazine PGF2a

This drug increases milk production and growth in large animals?

Somatotropin

Somatotropin is used to treat this condition in small animals?

pituitary dwarfism

Which of the following is not a clinical use of estrogen ? 1. Treatment of follicular cysts 2. Growth promotion 3. Termination of pregnancy for misstating 4. Urinary incontinence 5. Synchronization of estrus

treatment of follicular cysts

MOA of Coccidosis drugs?

Inhibit the growth of the parasite

This drug is approved as an anti coccidal in goats?

Lasalocid

Most common anticoccidal feed additive?

Monensin

This anticoccidial is approved in laying hens?

amprolium

DOC for giardiasis?

Metronidazole

True or False : Metronidazole is approved for use in food animals?

FALSE

DOC for Amebiasis ?

Metronidazole

DOC for balantidiasis?

Metronidazole

Drug used for diarrhea in horses due to trichmonas , bacteria and yeast?

Clioquinol

DOC for toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats?

Clindamycin

Metronidazole is NOT used for ?

coccidia and toxoplasma

This class of drug treats intra/extracellular parasites and commonly used for tick borne disease?

Tetracyclines

DOC for histomoniasis?

Organic arsenicals

Treatment of babesia in horses?

Imidocarb

DOC for anaplasmosis?

Oxytetracycline

Two most common treatments for EPM in horses?

Nitazoxanide- navagator | Ponazuril- Marquis

Cryptosproidiosis treatment?

paromomycin ,azithromycin or nitazoxanide

MOA of antitrematodal drugs?

Cause parasite death by depleting glycogen reserves due to inhibiting fume rate reductase and blocking mitochondrial function

Clorsulon is used to treat?

Liver flukes in cattle

Albendazol is used in the treatment of?

Liver flukes, cestodes, and menatodes of GI and lungs in cattle.

MOA cause release of Ca2 from parasite muscle stores, which causes integument damage and allows removal of parasite from host immune system . What two drugs is this the MOA for?

Praziquantal and espiprantel- anticestodals

This drug is approved to treat taenia and dipylidium

dichlorphene

This anticestodal has the broadest spectrum?

Praziquantel

This drug can be used for treatment of haemonchus in sheep, but notably not goats?

ivermectin

This drug binds to the GABA/ glutamate channels inducing paralysis and inhibiting egg production?

Ivermectin

This pour on is approved in lactating cows?

Eprinomectin

This topical prevents flea eggs and kills flea eggs from hatching?

Selamectin

This drug can be used as a heart worm preventative and also treats hooks, round and whipworms?

Milbemycin oxime

This anti nematodal is used in dogs, horses ad cattle?

Moxidectin

MOA of benzimedazoles?

Binds tubulin of parasite microtubles and disrupts cell division. Also ovoidal and larvicidal

This broad spectrum anthelmintic is approved in lactating dairy cattle and is also approved for use in dogs, horses ?

fenbendazole

True or False: Albendazole is safe to use in cattle during pregnancy?

false contraindicated in first 45 days of pregnancy and in dairy cattle

This imidathizaole has a narrow safety margin?

Levamisole

Pyrantal and Morantel have this MOA?

depolarizing NM blockers

Best treatment choice for pinworms and strongyles in horses?

Pyrantal | NOT approved in RUMINANTS

This drug is approved to treat nematodes in goats and lactating dairy cattle?

Morantel

True or False: Organophosphates are safe for treatment of nematodes for dogs and cats?

True because not absorbed by GIT toxic if absorbed other routes

Which drugs activate G-protein coupled receptors and the end result is paralysis and death ?

Emodepside

Treatment of large round worms in turkeys and chickens?

Piperazine

Adultacide therapy of heart worms?

Melarsomine

Microfilaricidal therapy?

Ivermectin, milbemycin

4 drugs which can be used for the prevention of heart worm disease?

Ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin

This 5-HT antagonist may be used to treat serotonin syndrome in dogs and cats?

Cyproheptadine | Blocks H1 and 5-HT

This drug may be used to treat nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy?

5-HT3 antagonist | Ondansertron

This drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and also a 5-HT4 agonist which is an antiemetic? (serotonin and dopamine antagonist)

Metoclopramide

This drug is a Tricyclic antidepressant

Mirtazapine

This newer drug can be used to treat acute vomiting and motion sickness in dogs?

Maropitant

Review -these 4 drugs are ace inhibitors? That treat hypertension in dogs

Captorpil, enalapril, lisinorpil, benazepril

Angiotension II receptor antagonist

losartan

This prostaglandin decreases acid secretion is a cytoprotectant and is used as an anti ulcer drug? Best for NSAID induced ulcers

Misoprostol

Prostaglandin which causes luteolysis and stimulates motility of smooth muscle of the reproductive tract?

Fluprostenol

Treat open angle glaucoma or ocular hypotension?

Latanoprost, travorost, bimatoprost