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Pharm II Exam II Shokry material > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Two drugs used for closure of the esophageal groove in cattle?

A

Polxalene and docusate sodium

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2
Q

What drug is used IV for systemic acidosis?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

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3
Q

Which type of bloat is more critical to treat Frothy or Non Frothy?

A

Frothy and it is when gas bubbles are in the rumen

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4
Q

Which class of drugs are used to treat rumen atony?

A

Cholinergics- bethanacol and neostigmine

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5
Q

What is an oral antacid used for rumen acidosis ?

A

Mg oxide

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6
Q

Which drug may be used for shock due to rumen acidosis?

A

Glucocorticoids such as Dex

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7
Q

Oral antibiotics______lactic acid production?

A

inhibit

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8
Q

What may be used in the treatment of urea poisoning?

A

Acetic acid or 5% vinegar followed by a large amount of cold water

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9
Q

True or False: Using acetic acid or vinegar decreases the pH of the blood?

A

FALSE decreases pH of the rumen

Shifts rumen to acidic state so ammonia is trapped and not absorbed

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10
Q

Oral treatment of bovine ketosis?

A

propylene glycol or ammonium lactate

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11
Q

Iv treatment of bovine ketosis?

A

Glucose 50% IV bolus

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12
Q

Pseudopregnancy in the bitch is associated with elevated ?

A

Plasma prolactin

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13
Q

True or False: Treatment of psuedopregnancy in the bitch includes ; testosterone, estrogen, dopamine agonists, furosemide and dopamine antagonists

A

FALSE not Dopamine ANTAGonists

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14
Q

Treatment of follicular cysts in cattle and bitches ? And also induce ovulation in the mare

A

hCG(LH)

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15
Q

Drug combination for induction of super ovulation in cattle?

A

FSH or ECG used with PGF2alpha

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16
Q

Combination of drugs used to induce estrus in gilts?

A

FSH/hCG

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17
Q

This drug clinically has the same effects as LH but shorter peptide is less antigenic causing fewer hypersensitivity reactions?

A

GnRH

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18
Q

This drug is approved to induce ovulation in the mare

A

Deslorelin acetate (ovuplant)

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19
Q

This combination of drugs can be used as growth promoters in feedlot heifers and steer?

A

Testosterone/trenbolone in combination with estrogen sometimes

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20
Q

DOC for anemia in small animals?

A

EPO

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21
Q

What anabolic steroid is approved only in horses and may be used to improve athletic performance?

A

Boldenone

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22
Q

This anabolic steroid is approved in dogs, cats and horses?

A

Stanozolol

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23
Q

This drug is used for growth promotion in cattle and SHEEP?

A

Zeranol

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24
Q

Adverse side effects of estrogen?

A 
Follicular cysts
****pyometra
****Aplastic anemia and leukopenia
Bone fractures
vaginal or uterine prolapse
feminization
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25
Q

This drug prepares the uterus for implantation, relaxes uterus, and development of mammary glands?

A

Progesterone

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26
Q

This drug synchronizes the estrus cycle in large animals?

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

Approved progesterone in bitches and use?

A

Megestrol acetate used as contraception and to suppress estrus

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28
Q

Approved progesterone in cats and use?

A

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate- used for behavioral problems

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29
Q

Approved progesterone in mares and use?

A

Altenogest- suppression of estrus and synchronization in mares

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30
Q

Melengerstrol acetate, norgestomet implants, and syncromate B are used in ?

A

Cattle

Growth promotion and synchronization of estrus- skin implant

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31
Q

4 Major adverse effects of progesterone?

A
  • ***Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
  • **pyometria
  • *****Hyperglycemia
  • *****inhibition of adrenal cortex
    others: increased appetite , acromeglay, mammary enlargement, weight gain, lethargy etc.
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32
Q

This drug activates protein kinase C and inhibits steroid synthesis . Increasing intracellular free Ca causes cell death and regression of CL

A

Prostaglandin F2a

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33
Q

DOC for induction of parturition in swine and cattle?

A

PGF2a

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34
Q

Drug used in treatment of silent estrus and pyometra in cattle?

A

PGF2a

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35
Q

True of false: It is ok to use Prostaglandins for expulsion of mummified fetus of the cervix if closes?

A

False only if dilated

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36
Q

Extra label use of PGF2a in small animals?

A

treating uterine infections in bitch or queen

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37
Q

Dinoprost thromethamine approved in these species?

A

cattle mares sows

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38
Q

Cloprostenol approved in these species?

A

cattle

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39
Q

Fenprostalene approved in these species?

A

Cattle

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40
Q

Fluprosterol approved in these species?

A

Mares

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41
Q

DOC of parturition induction in mares and small animals?

A

oxytocin

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42
Q

DOC of parturition induction in Cattle?

A

PGF2a

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43
Q

These drugs act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolactin causing luteolysis?

A

Prolactin inhibitors ergoline derivatives

44
Q

Bromocriptine and Cabergoline are used for these two things small animals?

A

Mismating and pseudopregnancy

45
Q

What phase of estrus does pseudopregnancy take place in?

A

Diestrus

46
Q

Drugs that inhibit uterine contractions?

A

Tocolytics :
B2 agonists
Magnesium sulfate
Inhalation anesthetics

47
Q

3 drugs which treat agalactia aka the inability to produce milk ?

A

dopamine antagonists
metoclopramide
domperidone

48
Q

This drug is used to treat prostate hypertrophy?

A

finasteride

49
Q

MOA of Finasteride?

A

Inhibits the enzyme 5 a reductase in the prostate which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

50
Q

GnRH antagonists reduce?

A

Testosterone

51
Q

This drug is used for chemical castration in dogs?

A

Zinc gluconate with arginine

52
Q

3 drugs used for pharmacological ejaculation in stallions?

A

*Imipramine
*A2 agonists like xylazine
PGF2a

53
Q

This drug increases milk production and growth in large animals?

A

Somatotropin

54
Q

Somatotropin is used to treat this condition in small animals?

A

pituitary dwarfism

55
Q

Which of the following is not a clinical use of estrogen ?

  1. Treatment of follicular cysts
  2. Growth promotion
  3. Termination of pregnancy for misstating
  4. Urinary incontinence
  5. Synchronization of estrus
A

treatment of follicular cysts

56
Q

MOA of Coccidosis drugs?

A

Inhibit the growth of the parasite

57
Q

This drug is approved as an anti coccidal in goats?

A

Lasalocid

58
Q

Most common anticoccidal feed additive?

A

Monensin

59
Q

This anticoccidial is approved in laying hens?

A

amprolium

60
Q

DOC for giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole

61
Q

True or False : Metronidazole is approved for use in food animals?

A

FALSE

62
Q

DOC for Amebiasis ?

A

Metronidazole

63
Q

DOC for balantidiasis?

A

Metronidazole

64
Q

Drug used for diarrhea in horses due to trichmonas , bacteria and yeast?

A

Clioquinol

65
Q

DOC for toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats?

A

Clindamycin

66
Q

Metronidazole is NOT used for ?

A

coccidia and toxoplasma

67
Q

This class of drug treats intra/extracellular parasites and commonly used for tick borne disease?

A

Tetracyclines

68
Q

DOC for histomoniasis?

A

Organic arsenicals

69
Q

Treatment of babesia in horses?

A

Imidocarb

70
Q

DOC for anaplasmosis?

A

Oxytetracycline

71
Q

Two most common treatments for EPM in horses?

A

Nitazoxanide- navagator

Ponazuril- Marquis

72
Q

Cryptosproidiosis treatment?

A

paromomycin ,azithromycin or nitazoxanide

73
Q

MOA of antitrematodal drugs?

A

Cause parasite death by depleting glycogen reserves due to inhibiting fume rate reductase and blocking mitochondrial function

74
Q

Clorsulon is used to treat?

A

Liver flukes in cattle

75
Q

Albendazol is used in the treatment of?

A

Liver flukes, cestodes, and menatodes of GI and lungs in cattle.

76
Q

MOA cause release of Ca2 from parasite muscle stores, which causes integument damage and allows removal of parasite from host immune system . What two drugs is this the MOA for?

A

Praziquantal and espiprantel- anticestodals

77
Q

This drug is approved to treat taenia and dipylidium

A

dichlorphene

78
Q

This anticestodal has the broadest spectrum?

A

Praziquantel

79
Q

This drug can be used for treatment of haemonchus in sheep, but notably not goats?

A

ivermectin

80
Q

This drug binds to the GABA/ glutamate channels inducing paralysis and inhibiting egg production?

A

Ivermectin

81
Q

This pour on is approved in lactating cows?

A

Eprinomectin

82
Q

This topical prevents flea eggs and kills flea eggs from hatching?

A

Selamectin

83
Q

This drug can be used as a heart worm preventative and also treats hooks, round and whipworms?

A

Milbemycin oxime

84
Q

This anti nematodal is used in dogs, horses ad cattle?

A

Moxidectin

85
Q

MOA of benzimedazoles?

A

Binds tubulin of parasite microtubles and disrupts cell division. Also ovoidal and larvicidal

86
Q

This broad spectrum anthelmintic is approved in lactating dairy cattle and is also approved for use in dogs, horses ?

A

fenbendazole

87
Q

True or False: Albendazole is safe to use in cattle during pregnancy?

A

false contraindicated in first 45 days of pregnancy and in dairy cattle

88
Q

This imidathizaole has a narrow safety margin?

A

Levamisole

89
Q

Pyrantal and Morantel have this MOA?

A

depolarizing NM blockers

90
Q

Best treatment choice for pinworms and strongyles in horses?

A

Pyrantal

NOT approved in RUMINANTS

91
Q

This drug is approved to treat nematodes in goats and lactating dairy cattle?

A

Morantel

92
Q

True or False: Organophosphates are safe for treatment of nematodes for dogs and cats?

A

True because not absorbed by GIT toxic if absorbed other routes

93
Q

Which drugs activate G-protein coupled receptors and the end result is paralysis and death ?

A

Emodepside

94
Q

Treatment of large round worms in turkeys and chickens?

A

Piperazine

95
Q

Adultacide therapy of heart worms?

A

Melarsomine

96
Q

Microfilaricidal therapy?

A

Ivermectin, milbemycin

97
Q

4 drugs which can be used for the prevention of heart worm disease?

A

Ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin

98
Q

This 5-HT antagonist may be used to treat serotonin syndrome in dogs and cats?

A

Cyproheptadine

Blocks H1 and 5-HT

99
Q

This drug may be used to treat nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy?

A

5-HT3 antagonist

Ondansertron

100
Q

This drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and also a 5-HT4 agonist which is an antiemetic? (serotonin and dopamine antagonist)

A

Metoclopramide

101
Q

This drug is a Tricyclic antidepressant

A

Mirtazapine

102
Q

This newer drug can be used to treat acute vomiting and motion sickness in dogs?

A

Maropitant

103
Q

Review -these 4 drugs are ace inhibitors? That treat hypertension in dogs

A

Captorpil, enalapril, lisinorpil, benazepril

104
Q

Angiotension II receptor antagonist

A

losartan

105
Q

This prostaglandin decreases acid secretion is a cytoprotectant and is used as an anti ulcer drug? Best for NSAID induced ulcers

A

Misoprostol

106
Q

Prostaglandin which causes luteolysis and stimulates motility of smooth muscle of the reproductive tract?

A

Fluprostenol

107
Q

Treat open angle glaucoma or ocular hypotension?

A

Latanoprost, travorost, bimatoprost

Pharm II Exam II Shokry material (1 decks)

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