Exam 2 Flashcards
Two drugs used for closure of the esophageal groove in cattle?
Polxalene and docusate sodium
What drug is used IV for systemic acidosis?
Sodium Bicarbonate
Which type of bloat is more critical to treat Frothy or Non Frothy?
Frothy and it is when gas bubbles are in the rumen
Which class of drugs are used to treat rumen atony?
Cholinergics- bethanacol and neostigmine
What is an oral antacid used for rumen acidosis ?
Mg oxide
Which drug may be used for shock due to rumen acidosis?
Glucocorticoids such as Dex
Oral antibiotics______lactic acid production?
inhibit
What may be used in the treatment of urea poisoning?
Acetic acid or 5% vinegar followed by a large amount of cold water
True or False: Using acetic acid or vinegar decreases the pH of the blood?
FALSE decreases pH of the rumen
Shifts rumen to acidic state so ammonia is trapped and not absorbed
Oral treatment of bovine ketosis?
propylene glycol or ammonium lactate
Iv treatment of bovine ketosis?
Glucose 50% IV bolus
Pseudopregnancy in the bitch is associated with elevated ?
Plasma prolactin
True or False: Treatment of psuedopregnancy in the bitch includes ; testosterone, estrogen, dopamine agonists, furosemide and dopamine antagonists
FALSE not Dopamine ANTAGonists
Treatment of follicular cysts in cattle and bitches ? And also induce ovulation in the mare
hCG(LH)
Drug combination for induction of super ovulation in cattle?
FSH or ECG used with PGF2alpha
Combination of drugs used to induce estrus in gilts?
FSH/hCG
This drug clinically has the same effects as LH but shorter peptide is less antigenic causing fewer hypersensitivity reactions?
GnRH
This drug is approved to induce ovulation in the mare
Deslorelin acetate (ovuplant)
This combination of drugs can be used as growth promoters in feedlot heifers and steer?
Testosterone/trenbolone in combination with estrogen sometimes
DOC for anemia in small animals?
EPO
What anabolic steroid is approved only in horses and may be used to improve athletic performance?
Boldenone
This anabolic steroid is approved in dogs, cats and horses?
Stanozolol
This drug is used for growth promotion in cattle and SHEEP?
Zeranol
Adverse side effects of estrogen?
Follicular cysts ****pyometra ****Aplastic anemia and leukopenia Bone fractures vaginal or uterine prolapse feminization
This drug prepares the uterus for implantation, relaxes uterus, and development of mammary glands?
Progesterone
This drug synchronizes the estrus cycle in large animals?
Progesterone
Approved progesterone in bitches and use?
Megestrol acetate used as contraception and to suppress estrus
Approved progesterone in cats and use?
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate- used for behavioral problems
Approved progesterone in mares and use?
Altenogest- suppression of estrus and synchronization in mares
Melengerstrol acetate, norgestomet implants, and syncromate B are used in ?
Cattle
Growth promotion and synchronization of estrus- skin implant
4 Major adverse effects of progesterone?
- ***Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
- **pyometria
- *****Hyperglycemia
- *****inhibition of adrenal cortex
others: increased appetite , acromeglay, mammary enlargement, weight gain, lethargy etc.
This drug activates protein kinase C and inhibits steroid synthesis . Increasing intracellular free Ca causes cell death and regression of CL
Prostaglandin F2a
DOC for induction of parturition in swine and cattle?
PGF2a
Drug used in treatment of silent estrus and pyometra in cattle?
PGF2a
True of false: It is ok to use Prostaglandins for expulsion of mummified fetus of the cervix if closes?
False only if dilated
Extra label use of PGF2a in small animals?
treating uterine infections in bitch or queen
Dinoprost thromethamine approved in these species?
cattle mares sows
Cloprostenol approved in these species?
cattle
Fenprostalene approved in these species?
Cattle
Fluprosterol approved in these species?
Mares
DOC of parturition induction in mares and small animals?
oxytocin
DOC of parturition induction in Cattle?
PGF2a
These drugs act as dopamine agonists and inhibit prolactin causing luteolysis?
Prolactin inhibitors ergoline derivatives
Bromocriptine and Cabergoline are used for these two things small animals?
Mismating and pseudopregnancy
What phase of estrus does pseudopregnancy take place in?
Diestrus
Drugs that inhibit uterine contractions?
Tocolytics :
B2 agonists
Magnesium sulfate
Inhalation anesthetics
3 drugs which treat agalactia aka the inability to produce milk ?
dopamine antagonists
metoclopramide
domperidone
This drug is used to treat prostate hypertrophy?
finasteride
MOA of Finasteride?
Inhibits the enzyme 5 a reductase in the prostate which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
GnRH antagonists reduce?
Testosterone
This drug is used for chemical castration in dogs?
Zinc gluconate with arginine
3 drugs used for pharmacological ejaculation in stallions?
*Imipramine
*A2 agonists like xylazine
PGF2a
This drug increases milk production and growth in large animals?
Somatotropin
Somatotropin is used to treat this condition in small animals?
pituitary dwarfism
Which of the following is not a clinical use of estrogen ?
- Treatment of follicular cysts
- Growth promotion
- Termination of pregnancy for misstating
- Urinary incontinence
- Synchronization of estrus
treatment of follicular cysts
MOA of Coccidosis drugs?
Inhibit the growth of the parasite
This drug is approved as an anti coccidal in goats?
Lasalocid
Most common anticoccidal feed additive?
Monensin
This anticoccidial is approved in laying hens?
amprolium
DOC for giardiasis?
Metronidazole
True or False : Metronidazole is approved for use in food animals?
FALSE
DOC for Amebiasis ?
Metronidazole
DOC for balantidiasis?
Metronidazole
Drug used for diarrhea in horses due to trichmonas , bacteria and yeast?
Clioquinol
DOC for toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats?
Clindamycin
Metronidazole is NOT used for ?
coccidia and toxoplasma
This class of drug treats intra/extracellular parasites and commonly used for tick borne disease?
Tetracyclines
DOC for histomoniasis?
Organic arsenicals
Treatment of babesia in horses?
Imidocarb
DOC for anaplasmosis?
Oxytetracycline
Two most common treatments for EPM in horses?
Nitazoxanide- navagator
Ponazuril- Marquis
Cryptosproidiosis treatment?
paromomycin ,azithromycin or nitazoxanide
MOA of antitrematodal drugs?
Cause parasite death by depleting glycogen reserves due to inhibiting fume rate reductase and blocking mitochondrial function
Clorsulon is used to treat?
Liver flukes in cattle
Albendazol is used in the treatment of?
Liver flukes, cestodes, and menatodes of GI and lungs in cattle.
MOA cause release of Ca2 from parasite muscle stores, which causes integument damage and allows removal of parasite from host immune system . What two drugs is this the MOA for?
Praziquantal and espiprantel- anticestodals
This drug is approved to treat taenia and dipylidium
dichlorphene
This anticestodal has the broadest spectrum?
Praziquantel
This drug can be used for treatment of haemonchus in sheep, but notably not goats?
ivermectin
This drug binds to the GABA/ glutamate channels inducing paralysis and inhibiting egg production?
Ivermectin
This pour on is approved in lactating cows?
Eprinomectin
This topical prevents flea eggs and kills flea eggs from hatching?
Selamectin
This drug can be used as a heart worm preventative and also treats hooks, round and whipworms?
Milbemycin oxime
This anti nematodal is used in dogs, horses ad cattle?
Moxidectin
MOA of benzimedazoles?
Binds tubulin of parasite microtubles and disrupts cell division. Also ovoidal and larvicidal
This broad spectrum anthelmintic is approved in lactating dairy cattle and is also approved for use in dogs, horses ?
fenbendazole
True or False: Albendazole is safe to use in cattle during pregnancy?
false contraindicated in first 45 days of pregnancy and in dairy cattle
This imidathizaole has a narrow safety margin?
Levamisole
Pyrantal and Morantel have this MOA?
depolarizing NM blockers
Best treatment choice for pinworms and strongyles in horses?
Pyrantal
NOT approved in RUMINANTS
This drug is approved to treat nematodes in goats and lactating dairy cattle?
Morantel
True or False: Organophosphates are safe for treatment of nematodes for dogs and cats?
True because not absorbed by GIT toxic if absorbed other routes
Which drugs activate G-protein coupled receptors and the end result is paralysis and death ?
Emodepside
Treatment of large round worms in turkeys and chickens?
Piperazine
Adultacide therapy of heart worms?
Melarsomine
Microfilaricidal therapy?
Ivermectin, milbemycin
4 drugs which can be used for the prevention of heart worm disease?
Ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin
This 5-HT antagonist may be used to treat serotonin syndrome in dogs and cats?
Cyproheptadine
Blocks H1 and 5-HT
This drug may be used to treat nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy?
5-HT3 antagonist
Ondansertron
This drug is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and also a 5-HT4 agonist which is an antiemetic? (serotonin and dopamine antagonist)
Metoclopramide
This drug is a Tricyclic antidepressant
Mirtazapine
This newer drug can be used to treat acute vomiting and motion sickness in dogs?
Maropitant
Review -these 4 drugs are ace inhibitors? That treat hypertension in dogs
Captorpil, enalapril, lisinorpil, benazepril
Angiotension II receptor antagonist
losartan
This prostaglandin decreases acid secretion is a cytoprotectant and is used as an anti ulcer drug? Best for NSAID induced ulcers
Misoprostol
Prostaglandin which causes luteolysis and stimulates motility of smooth muscle of the reproductive tract?
Fluprostenol
Treat open angle glaucoma or ocular hypotension?
Latanoprost, travorost, bimatoprost