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anatomy of the head and neck > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the parathyroid gland?

A

Medial 1/2 of the posterior surface e of each lobe of the thyroid gland, within the thyroid sheath

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2
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

A

Metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood with the use of parathyroid hormone

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3
Q

What arteries supply blood to the parathyroid gland?

A

Inferior thyroid, superior thyroid, thyroidea ima, laryngeal, esophageal, and tracheal

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4
Q

Which veins are responsible for the supply of the parathyroid gland?

A

Thyroid plexus of veins

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5
Q

Removal of the parathyroid gland causes what irregularity?

A

Tetany

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6
Q

What space is enclosed within the cranial meninges?

A

Subarachnoid

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7
Q

How many layers are there in the cranial meninges (and what are they?)

A

3;

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

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8
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid formed?

A

Subarachnoid space

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9
Q

What are the layers of Dura mater?

A

External periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer

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10
Q

What is the largest dural infolding/reflection?

A

Falx cerebral separating right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum

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11
Q

Which sinuses run through the falx cerebri

A

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight

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12
Q

What is the reflection which separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum

A

Cerebellar tentorium

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13
Q

What is the name of the gap in which the brain stem extends from the posterior cranial to middle cranial fossa?

A

Tentorial notch

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14
Q

What is the name of the fold which separated the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

Falx cerebelli, attached to the internal occipital crest

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15
Q

What is the name of the smallest reflection and why is it significant?

A

Diaphragm sella, it makes the roof of the hypophyseal fossa at the sphenoid bone

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16
Q

Which sinus does not end at the confluence of sinuses

A

Inferior sagittal (ends at the straight sinus)

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17
Q

Which sinus receives superior cerebellar veins?

A

superior sagittal sinus

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18
Q

Which sinus is formed by the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral veins?

A

Straight sinus

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19
Q

Where does the blood from the confluence of sinuses drain?

A

Transverse sinus (which becomes sigmoid)

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20
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery lie?

A

within each cavernous sinus surrounded by the carotid sheath ( which includes the abducens nerve)

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21
Q

Which nerves are contained in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

Trochlear, oculonotor, ophthalamic, and maxillary

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22
Q

Which sinus drains the veins of the lateral cavernous sinuses to the internal jugular vein?

A

inferior petrosal

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23
Q

Which veins are valveless, and therefore allow blood flow in either direction?

A

Emissary veins

24
Q

Which nerves supply the Dura mater?

A

Meningeal branches of maxillary, mandibular, ophthalamic, vagus, and sensory branches of C1-3.

25
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis occurs when?

A

Epidural and subdue al sinuses become infected; can be bacterial, trauma, or tooh/ear infection related

26
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates to the eye originates at the mid brain at the level of the superior colliculus

A

Oculomotor

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye and originates from the mid brain at the level of the inferior colliculus

A

Trochlear

28
Q

Which cranial nerve is the largest

A

Trigeminal

29
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve

A

Zygomatic, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, anterior and middle superior alve9lar, greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, and pharyngeal

30
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Nervus spinosus, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar

31
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical

32
Q

What is the name of the nerve which goes through the auditory meatus?

A

Vestibulocochlear

33
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervates to the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

34
Q

What are the branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Tympanic, carotid sinus, pharyngeal, tonsillar, and lingual

35
Q

Which cranial nerve is the longest?

A

Vagus

36
Q

What are the branches of vagus?

A

Superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal

37
Q

What is the special sensory function of vagus?

A

Taste from epilog rise to palate

38
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the nucleus ambiguous

A

Cranial portion of accessory (spinal comes from anterior horn motor neurons in superior 5 cervicals)

39
Q

What are the branches of hypoglossal

A

Meningeal branches, muscular branches, and and a cervicalis

40
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by hypoglossal?

A

Palatoglossus

41
Q

What is the name of the periosteum of the orbit

A

Periorbita

42
Q

What forms the “skeleton” of the eyelid

A

Tars al plate made of dense bands of connective tissue

43
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

A

Thyroid

44
Q

Which gland is responsible for metabolism and calcitonin

A

Thyroid

45
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

C5-T1 anteriorly

46
Q

The loose sheath surrounding the thyroid gland and ts capsules is the visceral portion of

A

The pretrache al layer of the deep cervical fascia

47
Q

At which level of tracheal rings does the thyroid arise?

A

Rings 2-3

48
Q

What artery is the first branch of the external carotid?

A

Superior thyroid, supplying the an term superior aspect of the gland

49
Q

What nerve does the superior thyroid artery run parallel to?

A

External laryngeal

50
Q

What artery is the largest branch of the external carotid?

A

Inferior thyroid, supplying the posteroinferior aspect of the gland, including the poles. *arises from subclavian

51
Q

Which nerve runs parallel to inferior thyroid

A

Recurrent laryngeal

52
Q

What is the name of the small unpaired artery which branches off of the brachial phallic trunk in approx 10% of the population

A

Thyroidea ima artery

53
Q

Which thyroid veins drain directly into the internal jugular vein?

A

Superior and middle thyroid

54
Q

Which thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephallic

A

Inferior thyroid

55
Q

Which vertebral region do the nerves of the thyroid gland originate

A

Upper, middle, and lower sympathe tic ganglia of the cervical region

56
Q

Injury to laryngeal nerve could present with these signs

A

Hoarse voice, temporary aphonia, laryngeal spasma

anatomy of the head and neck (1 decks)

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