exam 2 Flashcards
What is the location of the parathyroid gland?
Medial 1/2 of the posterior surface e of each lobe of the thyroid gland, within the thyroid sheath
What is the function of the parathyroid gland?
Metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood with the use of parathyroid hormone
What arteries supply blood to the parathyroid gland?
Inferior thyroid, superior thyroid, thyroidea ima, laryngeal, esophageal, and tracheal
Which veins are responsible for the supply of the parathyroid gland?
Thyroid plexus of veins
Removal of the parathyroid gland causes what irregularity?
Tetany
What space is enclosed within the cranial meninges?
Subarachnoid
How many layers are there in the cranial meninges (and what are they?)
3;
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
Where is cerebrospinal fluid formed?
Subarachnoid space
What are the layers of Dura mater?
External periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer
What is the largest dural infolding/reflection?
Falx cerebral separating right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Which sinuses run through the falx cerebri
Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight
What is the reflection which separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum
Cerebellar tentorium
What is the name of the gap in which the brain stem extends from the posterior cranial to middle cranial fossa?
Tentorial notch
What is the name of the fold which separated the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Falx cerebelli, attached to the internal occipital crest
What is the name of the smallest reflection and why is it significant?
Diaphragm sella, it makes the roof of the hypophyseal fossa at the sphenoid bone
Which sinus does not end at the confluence of sinuses
Inferior sagittal (ends at the straight sinus)
Which sinus receives superior cerebellar veins?
superior sagittal sinus
Which sinus is formed by the union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral veins?
Straight sinus
Where does the blood from the confluence of sinuses drain?
Transverse sinus (which becomes sigmoid)
Where does the internal carotid artery lie?
within each cavernous sinus surrounded by the carotid sheath ( which includes the abducens nerve)
Which nerves are contained in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?
Trochlear, oculonotor, ophthalamic, and maxillary
Which sinus drains the veins of the lateral cavernous sinuses to the internal jugular vein?
inferior petrosal
Which veins are valveless, and therefore allow blood flow in either direction?
Emissary veins
Which nerves supply the Dura mater?
Meningeal branches of maxillary, mandibular, ophthalamic, vagus, and sensory branches of C1-3.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis occurs when?
Epidural and subdue al sinuses become infected; can be bacterial, trauma, or tooh/ear infection related
Which cranial nerve innervates to the eye originates at the mid brain at the level of the superior colliculus
Oculomotor
Which nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye and originates from the mid brain at the level of the inferior colliculus
Trochlear
Which cranial nerve is the largest
Trigeminal
What are the branches of the maxillary nerve
Zygomatic, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, anterior and middle superior alve9lar, greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, and pharyngeal
What are the branches of the mandibular nerve?
Nervus spinosus, buccal nerve, auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar
What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical
What is the name of the nerve which goes through the auditory meatus?
Vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervates to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal
What are the branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
Tympanic, carotid sinus, pharyngeal, tonsillar, and lingual
Which cranial nerve is the longest?
Vagus
What are the branches of vagus?
Superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal
What is the special sensory function of vagus?
Taste from epilog rise to palate
Which cranial nerve arises from the nucleus ambiguous
Cranial portion of accessory (spinal comes from anterior horn motor neurons in superior 5 cervicals)
What are the branches of hypoglossal
Meningeal branches, muscular branches, and and a cervicalis
Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by hypoglossal?
Palatoglossus
What is the name of the periosteum of the orbit
Periorbita
What forms the “skeleton” of the eyelid
Tars al plate made of dense bands of connective tissue
What is the largest endocrine gland in the body?
Thyroid
Which gland is responsible for metabolism and calcitonin
Thyroid
Where is the thyroid gland located?
C5-T1 anteriorly
The loose sheath surrounding the thyroid gland and ts capsules is the visceral portion of
The pretrache al layer of the deep cervical fascia
At which level of tracheal rings does the thyroid arise?
Rings 2-3
What artery is the first branch of the external carotid?
Superior thyroid, supplying the an term superior aspect of the gland
What nerve does the superior thyroid artery run parallel to?
External laryngeal
What artery is the largest branch of the external carotid?
Inferior thyroid, supplying the posteroinferior aspect of the gland, including the poles. *arises from subclavian
Which nerve runs parallel to inferior thyroid
Recurrent laryngeal
What is the name of the small unpaired artery which branches off of the brachial phallic trunk in approx 10% of the population
Thyroidea ima artery
Which thyroid veins drain directly into the internal jugular vein?
Superior and middle thyroid
Which thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephallic
Inferior thyroid
Which vertebral region do the nerves of the thyroid gland originate
Upper, middle, and lower sympathe tic ganglia of the cervical region
Injury to laryngeal nerve could present with these signs
Hoarse voice, temporary aphonia, laryngeal spasma
