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PSYC300 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Census

A

every person in population

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2
Q

Confidence interval

A

Range in which a population value is likely to fall

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3
Q

Focus group

A

Unstructured group interview

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4
Q

Frequency curve

A

Frequencies with line instead of bar

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5
Q

Grouped frequency distribution

A

Combined adjacent values into categories to measure frequencies of those categories

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6
Q

Histogram

A

bars touching each other and indicates that the variable is quantitative

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7
Q

Margin of error

A

Indicating true value of population will fall between the listed values

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8
Q

Mean deviation

A

Score on variable minus mean of variable

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9
Q

Oversampling

A

Larger proportion of strata than actually represented in the population

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10
Q

Sampling bias

A

When one of the two are not met: entire population could be sampled from, all selected individuals are actually sampled

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11
Q

Standard deviation

A

Square root of variance

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12
Q

Stem and leaf plot

A

Graphically summarizes raw data and can see the data values

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13
Q

Systematic random sampling

A

Take every X person on the list

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14
Q

Variance

A

Sum of squares divided by sample size (N)

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15
Q

Beta

A

Probability of a scientist making a type 2 error

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16
Q

Binomial distribution

A

Sampling distribution for events that have two equally likely possibilities

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17
Q

Effect size

A

Indicates the magnitude of the relationship that is not influenced by sample size

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18
Q

Power

A

The probability the researcher will accurately reject the null hypothesis (1-beta)

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19
Q

P (probability) value

A

likelihood of an observed statistic occurring on the basis of the sampling distribution

20
Q

Proportion of explained variabililiy

A

Proportion of dependent variable that is “explained by” the independent variable

21
Q

Type 1 Error

A

False negative

22
Q

Type 2 Error

A

False positive

23
Q

Beta weights

A

Same as regression coefficient

24
Q

Chi square statistic

A

Relationship between two nominal variables

25
Q

Common-causal variable

A

Variables that is not part of research hypothesis but causes both predictor and outcome variable

26
Q

Contingency table

A

Number of individuals in each of the combinations of the two nominal variables

27
Q

Cross-sectional research design

A

Research designs that measure people from different age groups at the same time

28
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Variables other than predictor variable that cause outcome variable, but do not cause predictor variable

29
Q

Independent relationship

A

Distribution of points is random

30
Q

Mediating variable (mediator)

A

Variable caused by predictor variable that in turn causes outcome variable

31
Q

Multiple correlation coefficient (R)

A

Ability of all predictor variables together to predict outcome variable (statistical significance tested with F)

32
Q

Multiple regression

A

Pearson correlation coefficients both between each of the predictor variables and the outcome variable

33
Q

Reciprocal causation

A

The two variables case each other

34
Q

Regression coefficients

A

Relationship between each of the predictor variables and outcome variable

35
Q

Restriction of range

A

Most participants have similar scores on one of the variables being correlated so the study does not cover the full range of variables

36
Q

Spurious relationship

A

Predictor and outcome variables both caused by same variable

37
Q

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

A

Compare the mean of a dependent variable across levels of an experimental research design (nominal independent)

38
Q

Degrees of freedom

A

between groups design = # levels of IV -1

within groups design = # participants - # of conditions

39
Q

F

A

between groups variance/within-groups variance

40
Q

t-test

A

Used to compare two group means using either a between participants design (independent samples t-test) or repeated measures design (paired-samples t-test)

41
Q

Advantage of within-groups design

A

Grater statistical power

42
Q

Artifacts

A

Aspects of the research methodology that may go unnoticed and may inadvertently produce confounding variables

43
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Aspects of research that allow participants to guess hypothesis

44
Q

Internal analysis

A

Computing a correlation of scores on the manipulation check measure with the scores on the dependent variable as an alternative test of research hypothesis

45
Q

Matched-group research design

A

Participants dependent variable initially measured, assigned to conditions and then measured again

PSYC300 (1 decks)

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