Exam 2

Question 0

Developmental Acclimatization

Answer 0

Occurs during a person’s development in response to environmental pressure. ex) excessive sun exposure in childhood can result in a permanent skin color change, “freckles”

Question 1

Long term adaptations

Answer 1

Is genetic and characterizes all individuals in a pop. ex) people’s whose ancestors evolved in less sunny environments have less skin pigmentation

Question 2

Short Term, “Plasticity”

Answer 2

Responses to the environment that go away when the person leaves the environment

Question 3

Clinal Distribution

Answer 3

Continuous Variation

Question 4

BioCultural Example - Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 4

Deforestation - opening of pools of water during rainy season, pools of water become breeding grounds for mosquitos, leads to Malaria, Mosquitos become resistant to pesticides (DDT)

Question 5

BioCultural Example - Lactose Intolerance

Answer 5

The natural star for adult mammals - common in Asians, Africans, due to agriculture and cuisine

Question 6

BioCultural Evolution

Answer 6

Interaction between human cultural environment and human biology

Question 7

Environmental Influences on Phenotype - “Cold Climates”

Answer 7

“Vapoconstriction” - when skin surface capillaries restrict blood flow to the skin, keeps body heat in the core of the body
“Shivering” - generates heat through rapid muscle twitches (Short-term)
“Goose bumps”

Question 8

Bergman’s Rule

Answer 8

• relates body size to climate

- body size greater in colder climates

Question 9

Allen’s Rule

Answer 9

• relates appendage length to climate

- appendage length shorter in colder climates

Question 10

Species Concept

Answer 10

System of classifying organisms into discrete species

Question 11

Biological Species Concept

Answer 11

Species is a group of individuals capable of fertile interbreeding with own species

Question 12

Ecological Species Concept

Answer 12

Species is a group of organisms exploiting a single niche

Question 13

Recognition Species Concept

Answer 13

Each species has a unique system for recognizing mates

- vocalist ions, color, mating signals

Question 14

Convergent Evolution

Answer 14

How natural selection shapes the phenotype

Question 15

Ancestral Traits

Answer 15

Shared with ancestors

Question 16

Derived Traits

Answer 16

Different from ancestors

Question 17

Shared Derived Traits

Answer 17

• exist in common ancestor

- ex) body hair, tail

Question 18

Three Main Hypotheses for the Evolution of Primates

Answer 18

“Aboreal” - primates adapted to life in the trees
“Visual Predation” - primates adapted to hunting
“Rise of Angiosperms” - primates adapted to feeding on flowering plants

Question 19

Traits that distinguish primates from other mammals

Answer 19

• stereoscopic vision, bony ring around eye, erect posture

Question 20

Aboreal Quadrupedalism

Answer 20

• primate walks on all four limbs in the trees

Question 21

Terrestrial Quadrupedalism

Answer 21

Primate walks on all four limbs on the ground

Question 22

Brachiation

Answer 22

Under branch hanging while supporting the body and swinging from branch to branch

Question 23

Tapetum Lucidum

Answer 23

Aids in the collection of light in the dark

Question 24

Tooth comb

Answer 24

Facilitates grooming

Question 25

Prehensile Tail

Answer 25

Can grab or hold objects

Question 26

Two Main Strategies for Energy Use

Answer 26

• Energy Minimizers
- lots of rest, eats leaves
• Energy Maximizers
- little rest, eats fruits

Question 27

Folivore

Answer 27

Eats leaves

Question 28

Insectivore

Answer 28

Eats insects

Question 29

Gummivore

Answer 29

Eats gum & sap

Question 30

Frugivore

Answer 30

Eats fruit

Question 31

Adaptations for food processing

Answer 31

• teeth

- gut