Exam 2 Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
What Disease in swine can survive for long periods of time in the environment and resist heat up to 157 degrees, survivng for up to 2 years in dried, salted, or smoked meat
A
Swine Vesicular Disease
1
Q
What three ways can Humans become infected with Anthrax?
A
Inhalation of spores
Ingestion of spores
Cutaneous route
1
Q
Humans can get Toxoplasma via ingestion of tissue bradyzoites in undercooked meat, mainly _____
A
Pork
*Bradyzoites in the undercooked meat of the intermediate hosts- Mainly PORK
1
Q
Women who are infected with _____ while they are pregnant can lead to still birth and miscarrages, as well as being transferred to the fetus leading to congential abnormalities
A
Toxoplasma
*Clinical signs in the baby are much worse the earlier the women is infected during pregnancy
1
Q
True/False: Raccoons shed up to 45 million Roundworm eggs per day and a low infectious dose is needed to infect other species
A
True
1
Q
Echinococcus Species that leads to Alveolar Cyst disease and leads to multilobular small cysts mainly in the liver and lungs
A
Echinococcus Multilocularis
1
Q
Reservoirs for all species of Echinococcus are _____
A
Canids
1
Q
Oriental Rat flea that is very important as Vector of the Plague
A
Xenopsylla Cheopis
1
Q
Most Virulent Equine Encephalitis that begins with fever and lethargy that progresses to neurological disease including seizures
A
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
1
Q
What are the three classically Milk-Borne Bacteria?
A
Brucella
Coxiella Burnetii
Mycobacterium Bovis
1
Q
______ Protects urban populationf from Coxiella Burnetii, but not animal workers
A
Pasteurization
2
Q
True/False: If a prengant woman wants to get a cat, you should suggest and adult cat rather than a kitten because the adult is less likely to be shedding Toxoplasma
A
True
2
Q
What can humans get by ingesting an infected flea?
A
Dipylidium Caninum
3
Q
Most Pathogenic in the US with regards to Spotted Fever Rickettsia
A
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
4
Q
How do Carnivores get Bacillus Anthracis?
A
Eat infected Herbivores
5
Q
Disease in swine caused by Picornaviridae that can survive for long periods of time in the environment
A
Swine Vesicular Disease
6
Q
Avian species are usually infected with _____ strains of Influenza
A
Low pathogenicity
7
Q
Blood not clotted
Spores in blood on microscopy
Rapid Bloating
Lack of Rigor Mortis
Blood form Orifices
What disease do these clinical signs portray?
A
Anthrax in Cattle
7
Q
In what three species can Q fever lead to Anorexia and Abortion
A
Cattle
Sheep
Goats
7
Q
True/False: To prevent dog bites its best to spay/neuter virtually all dogs
A
True
8
Q
When you suspect that an animal has died from ____ you do not open up the body, because when the blood is exposed to the air infectious spores will be formed
A
Anthrax
8
Q
____% of emerging human infectious disease have originated in animals
A
75
9
Q
How do cats usually acquire Francisella Tularensis?
A
Eating infected rodents
9
Q
Equine Encephalitis virus that is cycles between birds and the Culex spp. of Mosquito
A
Western Equine Encephalitis
9
True/False: The AVMA supports breed bans
False
\*Does not support Breed bans- Any breed can bite
10
In what species does Foot and Mouth disease have mild, if any, clinical signs including Fever, lameness and oral lesions
Sheep and goats
10
True/False: Rinderpest has a low mortality rate
False
\*Very high mortality rate
10
True/False: Meat inspection serves to Protect public health, provide consumer confidence, surveillance for animal health problems, and improves access to international export markets
True
11
True/False: Rabies vaccines should be given under the supervision of a Licensed veterinarian
True
12
What two diseases cause Lymphadenopathy in the cervial region of cats?
Plague
Tularemia
12
What is the treatment for Oestrus Ovis?
Surgical removal of Larvae
14
Yersinia Pestis is rare so long as there is aggressive ____ control
Rodent
14
Step 7 of HACCP showing that recordkeeping is the cornerstone of HACCP when it comes to inspection time
Keep Records
15
Vets examining animals with potential Plague or Tularemia need to use \_\_\_\_\_, such as gloves and masks
PPE
\*Personal protective equipment
15
In what Disease should you immediately seek medical attention if suspected and burn placentas and other reproductive discharges
Q fever
\*Segregate Parturient Animals
15
Deworming Puppies and Covering sand boxes are common ways to prevent \_\_\_\_\_
Toxocariasis
15
Echinococcus species that causes Hydatid cyst disease in which large, individual cysts form in the Liver and sometimes the Brain of humans
Echinococcus granulosus
15
Plague is predominately found in the \_\_\_\_\_\_of the US
South West
\*KNOW THIS
15
What disease does Coxiella Burnetii cause in People?
Q Fever
15
What Two fevers does Brucella cause in People?
Undulant Fever
Malta Fever
15
With Dog Bites there is about a \_\_\_\_% chance of the wounds getting infected
20
15
Process to ensure control of hazards that are significant for food safety in the segment of the food chain under consideration
HACCP
16
Approximately \_\_\_\_% of all human pathogens are zoonotic
60
16
In humans with Plague or Tularemia, _____ aspirates are highly infectious
Lymph Node
\*Take precaution when taking lymph node aspirates
16
Term for diseases caused by Migrating Larvae in Paratenic hosts
Larval Migrans
16
True/False: Yersinia Pestis is reportable
True
16
Most important vectors of human disease worldwide
Mosquitoes
17
True/False: Cat bites occur more commonly than Dog bites
False
\*Only 5-10% of animal bites are by Cats. Majority are dogs
18
Canine Hookworm that leads to Cutaneous Larval Migrans mainly in children that walk around Barefoot
Ancylostoma Caninum
19
Enzootic cycle of what virus occurs between Rodents and Culex spp. Mosquitoes
Venezualen EEV
20
What is the most Pathogenic and deadly strain of Equine Encephalitis virus?
Eastern EEV
\*90% fatality. Venezuelan has 80% mortality
21
True/False: Coxiella Burnetii causes abortion in most mammals and large amounts of bacteria are present in the placenta and fetus
True
22
Highly infectious, often fatal, disease of swine caused by Flavivirus that leads to fever, weakness, and Erythematous lesions
Classical Swine Fever
22
What would be your plan of action in this case of Foot and Mouth disease?
Report to Government
\*Cull and disopose of infection animals
22
Intracellular bacteria that affects both humans and animals, but primarily cats
Francisella Tularensis
22
True/False: Humans, dogs, cats ect. with a Fungal Pulmonary infections are infectious to others
False
\*Body temperature is too high for sporulation of these fungi-
Blastomycoes, Coccidiodes, Histoplasma, Cryptococcus
22
What species is susceptible to both Human and Avian strains of Influenza?
Swine
22
While visceral larval Migrans is the most common with \_\_\_\_\_\_, sometimes humans can become infected with Ocular or neurological symptoms
Toxocariasis
\*Unilateral blindness from the larvae of roundworm in children
22
Symptoms of Echinococcus in humans are caused by the \_\_\_\_, whether in the liver, lungs, or brain
cyst
22
This map represents the distribution of what Tick borne disease?
Rocky Mountain spotted Fever
22
Incidental hosts are usually dead end hosts in Equine Encephalitis, with exception to both horses and humans with \_\_\_\_\_
Venezualen Encephalitis
22
True/False: Most fatal dog bites are preventable, related to lack of supervision, and unrelated to dog breed
True
22
What concept described Animals, People and the Environment as one?
One Health
22
Government department in charge of Inspection services for Meat Safety
USDA
24
Subtypes of Avian Influenza that are Low Pathogenicity and cause mild disease in poultry
H subtypes 1-16
| (includes non-HPAI H5 and H7)
26
What disease is this and What is your control plan?
African Swine Fever
\*No vaccine is available- Report to government
26
Trypanosoma species are transmitted by _____ and \_\_\_\_\_
Tsetse Flies and Kissing bugs
28
Disease in which Horses are the most severe hosts with oral and coronary band vesicles, drooling, and rubbing mouths on objects
Vesicular Stomatitis
29
If a previously vaccinated animal is overdue for a Rabies booster, the animal should be \_\_\_\_\_\_
Revaccinated
30
Distribution of Hantavirus is based on the ____ of virus
Species
\*Individual species of this virus are typically limited to a specific reservoir host and geographic region
31
What is the Roundworm species of Raccoons?
Baylisascaris Procyonis
32
Very zoonotic Mite that causes intense, itchy skin rashes
Sarcoptes
34
True/Fase: Foot and Mouth disease, Swine Vesicular Disease, Classical Swine Fever, Newcastle, Vesicular Stomatitis, African Swine Fever and Rinderpest are all notifiable to OIE
True
34
Roundworm parasites have a very high prevalence in what species?
Raccoons
\*70-90% of Raccoons have Round Worm
34
What tick transmits Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Dermacentor
34
60% of workmans comp claims made by veterinarians and veterinary staff are for \_\_\_\_
Bite Wounds
36
List ___ Disease are notifiable to OIE
A
36
20-40% of soil samples from parks or childrens sand pits may have ______ eggs
Toxocara
36
True/False: In Venezualen EEV, levels in Human and Horse blood are high enough to infect mosquitoes
True
36
Venezualen Equine Encephalitis is _____ in the USA
REPORTABLE
39
Milk Borne bacteria that has No eradication program in the USA and is present in 90% of dairy herds
Coxiella Burnetii- Q fever
40
Western Equine encephalitis is a more _____ disease than Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Sporadic
\*Usually occus at low levels
40
Most common cause of rabies virus exposure in which post-exposure prophylaxis should be used is via a \_\_\_\_\_
Bite
42
Rabies virus is present in ____ and is transmitted to humans by the bite of disease animals
Saliva
43
True/False: Many mites prefer to bite one type of animal or small group of animals
True
44
Important tick borne disease of Rickettsia that is transmitted by both species of Dermacentor in the US
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
\*Rickettsia Rickettsii
46
How is Chlamydophilia transmitted to humans?
Direct Handling of Infected birds
48
In what species will Foot and Mouth disease cause Oral Vesicles on the tongue, dental pad, gums ect. as well as excessive salivation and drooling, lethargy and loss of body condition
Cattle
49
True/False: After an animal bites a human, confirmation of diagnosis of rabies is not needed if a dog, cat or ferret shows no signs of rabies at the end of the 10 day obseravtion period
True
50
True/False: Humans become infected with Echinococcus Granulosus via ingestion of infected meat
False
\*Ingestions of eggs
50
Rabies virus is \_\_\_\_\_-trophic, it enters peripheral nerves and replicates in the brain while also spreading to the salivary glands
Neurotrophic
50
\_\_\_\_\_ Meat inspection ensures that animals used for food products are free of foodborne pathogens, Clearly label foods that pass inpection, minimize containation during food processing, and monitors for drug residues and pathogens
Federal
51
Equine Encephalitis virus where Horses and Mosquitoes are the main cycle
Epizootic Venezualen EEV
52
What disease is this?
Avian Influenza
\*Report it and Inform the farmer
52
Bats, skunks, canids, raccoons, and mongooses are the most common ____ of rabies
Reservoirs
53
True/False: Animals that bite humans are re-examined frequently during the 10 day observation period for rabies
True
54
A food safety management system is a program based on the prinicples of safe produce/ process design, prerqeuisite programs and _____ system that is supported by essential managment practices
HACCP
\*Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
56
What disease is this?
Giardia
\*No treatment for Crytpo
57
Etiologial agent of the Plague
Yersinia Pestis
57
Screwworms like _____ climates and are exotic to the US
Tropical
58
What are the two forms of Chlamydophylia?
Elemtary body- Environment
Reticulate Body- In host tissue
59
Who is in charge of the Management, On Farm Food Safety programs, Meat inspection Programs and Certification of products for international trade in Meat Safety
USDA- FSIF
61
Screwworms have been _____ from the USA
Eradicated
64
What form of Enchiococcus leads to small cysts in the liver with secondary metastasis to the lungs
Alveolar Cyst Disease
\*Echinococcus Multilocularis
66
What three Bacterial Agents are potential bioweapons due to their ability to spread via the Aerosol route?
Bacillus Anthracis
Yersinia pestis
Francisella Tularensis
\*Category A diseases
66
What Disease is this?
Leptospirosis
\*Know this- damage to liver and animals can have Jaundice
66
Rabies leads to paralysis of muscles in the \_\_\_\_\_, known as dysphagia which leads to salivation and choke
Throat
68
What disease is this?
Foot and Mouth Disease
\*Affects both sheep and pigs
68
True/False: Mosquitoes that feed on infected horses with EEEV and WEEV do not acquire the virus
True
70
Raccoon roundworm ( Baylisascaris Procyonis) Is very neuro-invasive and likes to go into what tissue?
Ocular and Brain tissue
71
Ixodes Ticks transmit what three diseases?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum
Babesia Microti
72
True/False: the AVMA is a huge supporter of One Health
True
73
Protozal organism transmitted by Kissing Bugs in which they feed on blood and defecate into the puncture wound on the host
Trypanosoma Cruzi
73
What are the three routes of Transmission for Mycobacterium Bovis
Aerosol
Oral exposure- to milk, feces or LN contents
Percutaneous
74
Enzootic cycle of what virus includes cycling between birds and Culiseta species mosquitoes
Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus
\*Enzootic cycle
76
Mite that is also known as Walking Dandruff that easily passes to humans because the mite is superficially on the hair of animals
Cheyletiella
78
Humans are usually infected by Echinococcus by ____ larvated eggs
Eating
79
What are the two main ways that Humans are exposed to Toxoplasma
Oocysts in soil
Ingestion of Tissue Bradyzoites
80
Plague and Tularemia are diseases of \_\_\_\_\_
Cats
83
What two fleas are the big concerns for owners of Dogs and Cats?
Ctenocephalides Felis
Ctenocephalides Canis
\*Felis is the most common in both dogs and cats
83
What diease is transferred to humans via ingestion of contaminated water, broken skin contact with contaminated water, and contact with infected animal urine
Leptospirosis
\*In animals urine
86
\_\_\_\_\_\_ Myiasis- when flies are attracted to open wounds but are not obligatory parasites
Facultative
87
What People are at the highest Risk for Chlamydophilia?
Bird owners
Pet Store workers
88
Influenza is known for having ____ reassortment
Genetic
91
Washing hands, Cleaning Litter box daily, keeping Cats inside to avoid foraging, and keeping cats from deficating in the garden and sand box are all ways to avoid _____ exposure
Toxoplasma
92
Swine Influenza virus that contains genes of Avian and Human origin
H1N1
93
Amplifying Hosts in Foot and Mouth disease that develop severe hoof lesions and sloughing, as well as snout vesicles
Pigs
94
What are the two most common Roundworms of Pets?
Toxacara Canis
Toxacara Cati
96
Maintenance Hosts for Foot and Mouth disease that develop mild clinical signs
Sheep and Goats
96
Protozoal organism tranasmitted by Feces of Kissing Bugs in the Americas
Trypanosoma Cruzi
\*Chagas Disease
97
\_\_\_\_% of Cat Bites become infected
80%
\*Huge number of cat bites will become infectious
99
True/False: Horses are affected by Foot and Mouth disease
False
\*Horses are not affected
99
Disease that causes morbidity and mortality in Pstittacine birds
Chlamydophilia
100
What does HACCP stand for?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
103
HACCP uses a ____ step program
7
104
Slaughterhouse inspection, Routine TB testing of cattle, and Milk pastuerization are three ways of controlling \_\_\_\_
Mycobacterium Bovis
105
Key Reservoir and Amplifying species in Venezualen EEV
Horses
108
True/False: Rabies virus may be shed in saliva for a few days prior to clinical signs in the animal
True
109
What type of influenza is known for using Genetic Reassortment?
Influenza A
110
Acute highly infectious viral disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats characterized by the formation of vesicular eruptions in the mouth and on the feet, especially around the hoofs
Foot and Mouth disease
113
Chronic manifestations of what disease in Humans and Dogs is cardiovascular, neurological and joint problems
Borrelia Burgdorferi- Lyme disease
114
The majority of human rabies in the USA is cased by ____ variants of rabies virus
Bat
115
Equine Encephalitis that is foreign to the US and is reportable
Venezualen EEV
117
Sheep nasal bot that lives in the nasal passages
Oestrus Ovis
118
Most common dermatophytosis in the World
Microsporum Canis
119
True/False: In foot and mouth disease, cattle present with lesions around the interdigital space and coronary bands leading to Lameness and Reluctance to move
True
121
Waterborne disease that infects the kidneys and is excreted in urine
Leptospirosis
\*Animals have bacteria in urine for over 1 year
123
Approximately \_\_\_% of recently emerging infectious diseases affecting humans are disease of animal origin
75
124
This map shows the distribution of what Disease in the US
Yersinia Pestis
125
What subtypes of Avian influenza are of High Pathogenicity and casue severe disease and mortality in poultry
H5 or H7
\*High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza
126
Small changes in Influenza virus due to point mutations accumulated during virus replication
Antigenic drift
127
This map shows the Geographical prevalance of which tick in the US?
Ixodes Scapularis
128
Humans with Circulatory collapse and blackened extremities are characteristic for what two diseases?
Plague
Tularemia
129
True/False: Rinderpest is eradicated worldwide
True
130
When larvae infest dead flesh or open wounds it is known as fly \_\_\_\_
Strike
131
What are Four causes of Bovine Abortion that are zoonotic?
Brucella Abortus
Leptospira
Coxiella Burnetii
Listeria Monocytogenes
135
What Bacteria is this?
Mycobacterium Bovis
\*Reportable Disease
137
What three diseases do Ixodes Ticks transfer
Anaplasma
Borellia
Babesia
138
Disease caused by Trematodes where snails are the intermediate hosts which is the 2nd most important human parasite after Malaria
Schistosomiasis
141
What disesae in swine is characterized by high fever, Erythema, Cyanosis, Bloody diarrhea, ABORTION, and death
African Swine fever
143
Disease in swine characterized by fever, huddling, conjunctivits, cyanosis, skin hemorrhages and death
Classical Swine Fever
145
Rabies virus is transmitted primarily via \_\_\_\_
Bite
\*Viral excretion in Saliva
150
Category ____ diseases kill people and can be disseminated and spread easily
A
152
management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product
HACCP
157
What Disease is occuring in this scenerio
Giardia
\*Intermittent shedding and Metronidazole is not affective against Crypto
159
What species are the sentinals for Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Horses
160
True/False: Toxoplasma Gondii causes severe problems in AIDS patients and pregnant women
True
163
Acute highly contagious, fatal, disease of swine that is caused by Asfivirus that resembles Classical Swine Fever but is indigenous to Africa
African Swine Fever
164
Infestation of tissue with Fly Larvae
Myiasis
165
Cyptosporidium and Giardia are hard to kill with chlorine, therefore water must be \_\_\_\_
Filtered
167
To minimize the Risk of Toxoplasma Gondii, Litter boxes should be cleaned \_\_\_\_
Daily
\*Prevent Oocyst sporulation
168
Leishmania species are transmitted by \_\_\_\_
Sandflies
170
Borrelia Burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease, is vectored by ____ hard ticks
Ixodes
171
Modern Pasteurization is based on what Bacteria?
Coxiella Burnetti
173
True/False: While Sarcoptes Scabiei mites can bite many hosts, they tend to have specific species that they perfer
True
\*Unable to complete life cycle on the "wrong" host
174
What parasite is in the eye of this dog?
Thelazia
\*Transmitted by flied
176
\_\_\_\_\_ is manadtory for all meats, seafoods, and juice processing facilities
HACCP
177
Disease caused by Borrelia Burgordorferi characterized by Bullseye rash in humans
Lyme Disease
178
True/False: Humans become exposed to Toxoplasma Oocysts in Soil via gardening, cleaning cat litter boxes, and Sand boxes for Children
True
180
True/False: Sarcoptes Scabiei mites are adapted to their preferred host
True
181
Rodent and Rabbit Botfly that is enzootic to parts of the USA
Cuterebra
182
Abrupt changes in virus subtype characterized by genetic reassortment between subtypes
Antigenic Shift
