Exam 2

Question 0

What is an indie label

Answer 0

Any label lacking an affiliation with a major

Question 1

What is a major label

Answer 1

Any label that is owned and or distributed by one of the major distribution companies

Question 2

Who accounts for the vast majority of records released each year

Answer 2

Independent labels/artist

Question 3

Who accounts for records sold

Answer 3

Major labels

Question 4

How many records earn money back

Answer 4

Only 1 in 5

Question 5

Why are ppl attracted to major labels

Answer 5

Prestige, wanted to be apart of big name, best producers musicians and studios, powerful promotion

Question 6

Marketing advantage

Answer 6

Radio Promo-100,000 per single

Video product-50,000 to 500,000 per single

1million for single album release

Question 7

Big 3

Answer 7

Universal

Sony

Warner

Question 8

Which indie labels have been taken over by majors for millions

Answer 8

Arista

Gergen

Virgin

Island

Question 9

Specialty labels

Answer 9

Classical folk blues ethnic jazz gospel

Focus on demographic

Know customers well

Question 10

DIY labels

Answer 10

Artist release own records on their own

Release records of other artists they admire

Question 11

Label Structure

Answer 11

CEO COO CFO
ARTIST & REPERTOIRE
Distribution and sales

Question 12

What do ARTIST & REPERTOIRE (A&R) do

Answer 12

Finds new talent 
Tracks music scene 
Evaluate demos 
Read industry publications
Goes to shows/clubs to hear music

Question 13

What does RIAA

Answer 13

Recording industry association of America represents labels certified best selling records battles online piracy and CD counterfeiting

Question 14

NARAS

Answer 14

National Academy of Recording Arts & science

“Recording academy” responsible for Gramm Awards

Question 15

Role of producer

Answer 15

Depends on needs of a particular project

Bridge gap between commercial viability & artistic expression

Question 16

Production deals prior to rock and roll

Answer 16

Record companies maintained a staff of full time house producers

Strong control over who was recorded and what material

Question 17

Producer as a label employee

Answer 17

Record company sign producer as full time employee

Weekly salary, possibly royalties

Producers have little to say about what is recorded for the company

Question 18

Independent producer (under label contract)

Answer 18

Independent contractor or Entrepreneur

Producer receives a portion of the recording advance and artist totality

Question 19

Independent producer (under artist contract)

Answer 19

Artist has producer under contract

Artist representatives negotiated advance/royalty package with label them share them with producer

Question 20

Spec deal

Answer 20

Negotiate a master purchase agreement

Question 21

What is Royalties and Fees of producer

Answer 21

Producer points same as royalty %

% of retail or whole sale album or single price

Question 22

Producer Points

Answer 22

Young producers may get 1point

Most get 2-4 points

Some superstars get 5-6 points

Question 23

5 phases of recording production

Answer 23

Preproduction-budgeting and planning 
Studio time- basics and tracking 
Studio time- overdubbing 
Studio time- Mixing 
Postproduction- mastering & delivering