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Asian Pre-History > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of domestication

A

interfering with plant/animal reproduction

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2
Q

earliest to be domesticated

A

dog; 100,000 BP

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3
Q

causes of domestication

A

not enough food
need more of desired resources
feasting

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4
Q

examples of early non-food domesticates

A

bottle gourd: 13,000 BP; Asia
cotton: 9000 BP; Af, In, Am
chili peppers: 11,000 BP; Asia
betel nut; SE Asia

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5
Q

examples of early food domesticates

A 
wheat
rice
rye
barley
millet
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6
Q

domesticated plant characteristics

A

simulatneous seed ripening
tougher rachi
large fruit/seed size & numbers

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7
Q

domesticated animal characteristics

A 
docile
smaller bodies
leaner meat/more meat production
hair/fur production
used for labor
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8
Q

consequences of domestication

A 
population increase 
health problems (nutrition & crowding)
increased work
environmental degredation
increased conflict
increased sociopolitical complexity
increased risk
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9
Q

Mehrgarh Site

A 
6500 - 9000 BP
8000 - 9000 : only farming comm present
6500 - 7000 : other comm's present
large granaries present: shows sociopolitical stratification
pottery: mostly female
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10
Q

Mundigak Site

A 
5000 - 7000 BP
Urban Center
mud-brick and pise architecture
production of low tin bronze
domesticates: sheep, goats, donkey, horse, wheat
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11
Q

Shahr-i-sokhta Site

A 
5000 - 8000 BP
Hemland River Delta: perennial river system
urban center 
dravidian language
mud-brick architecture
ornate and decorative ceramics
trade very important
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12
Q

what constitutes an urban center?

A

large population
mare taking place than just farming
politics, storage, and religious activities centered here

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13
Q

2 languages spoken in SW Asia between 5000-8000 BP

A

Dravidian

Indo-European

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14
Q

Mundigak trade commodity

A

copper, bronze jewelry

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15
Q

Shahr-i-sohkta trade commodity

A

chlorite vessels

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16
Q

Geoksyur Oasis & Djeitun (Turk) trade commodity

A

turquoise and lapis jewelry

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17
Q

Badakshan trade commodity

A

lapis jewelry

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18
Q

Sumer

A

metal vessels

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19
Q

craft specialist

A

a person who trades their craft skills in turn for other goods like food, land, or protection

can be part time or full time

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20
Q

Nanzhuangtou Site

A

Henan Province
8700 BP
foxtail millet
ceramics: boiling seeds now

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21
Q

Cishan-Peilgang Culture

A 
musical instruments (animal bones)
grinding stones
lots of cavities
pottery vessels more elaborate: tripod feet
7000 - 8500 BP
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22
Q

Hebei and Henan provinces

A 
domesticates: millet, pigs, dogs, chickens
village size varies (30 - 100 houses)
fortifications signify warfare
slash/burn farming 
flood water farming
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23
Q

slash/burn farming key points

A 
vegetation burned to provide nutrients
fields decline after 5 years
causes villages to move often
available land diminishing
leads to possible warfare
exhaust fertility of environment
24
Q

flood water farming key points

A

live close to water source
flooding brings new nutrients
don’t have to move

25
Q

Yangshao Culture

A

5000 - 7000 BP
Henan and Shaanxi provinces
domesticates: millet, hemp, silkworms, dogs, pigs, chickens, cattle, sheep, goats
flood-water farming

26
Q

Jiangzhai Site

A 
5000 - 8000 BP
Yangshao Culture
Shaanxi province
houses and cemeteries in clusters
cemeteries on hilltops
distinct locations for animal pens, storage, pottery kilns, etc -- political authority!!
fortified 
pottery wheel & maker's mark 
turtle shell divination
27
Q

Banpo Site

A

5000 - 8000 BP
Yangshao culture
Shaanxi province
much like Jiangzhai

28
Q

2 main language types at this time

A

indo-european: western groups

turkic: eastern and central groups

29
Q

Tamsagbulag Culture

A 
SE Mongolia
7000 BP
sedentary
hunting, fishing, farming
semi-subterranean quadrangular houses
burials under floors
30
Q

Mongolia and Manchuria

A

many ephemeral lakes

millet domesticated

31
Q

Amur River Mouth Site

A

large, sedentary villages
semi-subterranean houses
anadromous fish

32
Q

Afanasievo Culture

A

5300 BP
climate is getting drier
natural mummies buried w/ possesions
domesticated animals: cattle, horses, sheep
all are herd animals and multipurpose animals
wheeled vehicles

33
Q

why were wheeled vehicles allowed to flourish in Afanasievo culture?

A

landscape is very flat!!

34
Q

Far North Sites

A

moose and reindeer hunting

very mobile, not sedentary

35
Q

Central Asian site characteristics

A

mix of small farming and pastoralist societies
emphasis on mound (kurgan) burial
art style emphasizes animals

36
Q

Turkmenistan overview

A

5000 - 8000 BP
trade is a big deal with Indus Valley & Tigris/Euphrates area
wheat and barley
sheep and goats

37
Q

Turkmenistan around 8000 BP

A

we see small single room houses of mud brick grouped around a courtyard
settelments near marshes
burials in-between houses
dry farming

38
Q

Turkmenistan around 6000 - 5500 BP

A 
climate getting drier
settelments relocate upstream and closer to the mountains 
fortifications 
multiroom compounds around courtyard
irrigation farming 
metallurgy 
children and infants still buried under house
adults in cemeteries
39
Q

Bottle gourd

A

domesticated in Asia
8000 - 9000 BP
reason? utility

40
Q

Horse

A

5000 BP
C Asia
utility

41
Q

soy bean

A

5000 BP
NE Asia
ritual (feasting)

42
Q

hemp

A

6000 BP

utility

43
Q

silkworm

A

5000 BP
China
food, utility

44
Q

water buffalo

A

5000 - 7000 BP
SE Asia
utility

45
Q

dogs

A

SE Asia
utility
15,000 - 30,000 BP

46
Q

cotton

A

9000 BP
Indus River Valley
utility, ritual

47
Q

sugar cane

A

New Guinea
8000 BP
status enhancement

48
Q

Diaotonghuan Cave Site

A

Jiangxi Province
rice an early domesticate
pigs and chickens domesticated too

49
Q

Hemudu site/culture complex

A 
Zhejiang province 
7000 BP
sedentary 
rice, water buffalo, chickens
cord-marked, red-slipped ceramics
hoes out of shoulder blades
lacquer ware
stilt houses
50
Q

Pengtoushan and Liangzhu culture complexes

A

5000 BP
Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces
earliest reps of austroasiatic language fam

51
Q

Dapenkeng site/culture

A 
SE coast of China
Taiwan 
6000 - 5000 BP
cord marked pottery
net sinkers 
bark beaters
deep-sea fishing
52
Q

3 parts of Oceania

A

Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia

53
Q

Melanesia

A

New Guinea was only one already occupied by ppl (4000 BP)
Austronesians came from Philippines and didn’t really mix with Papuans
they stayed on the coast

also includes Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, & New Caledonia

Papuan languages

slash and burn farming leads to land clearance

crops: taro, bananas, sugar cane

lapita pottery: cord detail and red
doesn’t stay long: wood
stone/shell adzes

domesticated animals: pigs, dogs, chickens, rats

domesticated plants: taro, tam, bananas, breadfruit

54
Q

Polynesia

A

3000 BP

lapita pottery (ends around 1700 BP)

same domesticates as Melanesia

E Poly and New Zealand occupied bw 1500 - 1000 BP
sweet potato comes from S America

Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
no coconut or breadfruit
originally forested
Moai statues on platforms along the coast

New Zealand
sweet potato domesticated on N island
S island hunt and gather
many marine resources
lots of warfare
known for split-figure design art
55
Q

Micronesia

A

4000 BP
prop setteled from phillipines (land terracing, rice farming)
marianas red ceramics
crops: taro, yam, breadfruit, banana, rice
animals: dogs, chickens, pigs, rates

Nan Madol Site
on Pohnpei island
1200 BP
complex chieftain society

Asian Pre-History (1 decks)

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