Exam 2 Flashcards
What is Quintilian’s Theory of an orator?
“The good man speaking well”
What is considered the EDUCATION of the orator?
Character and training
What is Quintilian’s technical vocabulary?
Imitation
Progymnasmata
What is Progymnasmata?
Training in specific practices of language use.
Study of the _____, _____, and ______ of Rhetoric?
Art
Artist
Work
Rhetoric is the “_____ ____” in education according to Quintilian.
Next Step
What kind of teacher is required for Rhetoric?
Morality “first and foremost”
“A parent toward his pupils”
discipline through patience, judgment, approval and condemnation – ex. No “applause”
Teach to speak and act
Teaching requires ______ of a student and his abilities.
Judgment
Quintilian introduced the use of?
Narration
In order to have a good narration, Quintilian believed one should have these three requirements.
Practice
Refutation
Confirmation
What are “Common Places”?
The virtues/vices of unnamed individuals.
What is a comparison of things?
Thesis/Antithesis
Teachers can instruct students through ______ examples and speeches.
Historical
Both composition and _____ of works.
Style
Students should aim to be between ______ and ______ style
Ancient
Modern
Teachers “accommodate” ______ ______
Natural Abilities
According to Quintilian, Natural Skill is _________
Not enough
Rhetorical Instruction teaches the ______ _______ ideas and arranged speech
Connection between
True or False
Quintilian is for overly vigorous or overly memorized speech.
False
Quintilian believes Speaking must be ______ ______.
Beyond Rules
The orator, in all his pleadings, should keep two things in view, what is _______, and what is ______.
Becoming
Expedient
What are Quintilian’s Key Elements of Speech?
The “case at hand”
The “time”
The “occasion”
“Necessity” – can we change the situation?
How does Quintilian divides Rhetoric into three parts?
Art
Artist
Work
How Quintilian define the “art” of rhetoric?
Attained by study, “how to speak well.”
Who does Quintilian define the “artist” of rhetoric?
The Orator, “whose business it is to speak well.”
How does Quintilian define the “work” of rhetoric?
What is “achieved by” the artist, “good speaking.”
What is the difference in perspective between Quintilian and Aristotle?
Aristotle detaches himself from the event while Quintilian believes a speech must be “just” or “good”
How does Quintilian define “The Good Man Speaking well.”s
Both effectively and virtuously.
Quintilian ______ the criticism of oratory by ______ it.
Sidesteps
Redefining
Oratory is an ________, not a _______
art (scientia)
simple practice
What is telos?
End
Oratory is not just “to ______”
Persuade
Oratory requires…
Education
Method
The orator’s “art…. consists in his _____, not… in the result.”
Act
The ______ of Education makes it _______
Process
Positive
Perfect _____ requires virtue and knowledge.
Oratory
Speakers should speak only on topics they _____
Know
Rhetoric is _______: “Everything that may come before an orator for discussion.”
Universal
Writing is…
The Teacher of Eloquence
How does Quintilian explain Morality?
Audiences don’t believe immoral speakers.
Who is The Perfect Orator?
A calmer of the populace.
A moral speaker does not…
Argue against his own beliefs.
Quintilian believes an orator must study _____ above all things?
Morality
What does Boethius define as general questions?
Theses
Rhetoric becomes a _______ by dialectic, to specific cases.
Means of applying general rules, established
Rhetoric takes a _______ and ______ place in the Medieval university curriculum.
Preliminary
Subordinate
What does Boethius define a Genus?
A Faculty
What does Boethius define a Species?
Judicial, Demonstrative, Deliberative
How does Boethius define Parts?
Parts: General Principles or Specific Application of Principles
We shall treat the _____ of the art, its _____, its ____, its tools, and the parts of the tools, the duty of its practitioners, and its goals.
Genus
Species
Parts
Boethius has the same parts of rhetoric as this handless Roman.
Cicero
Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery
How does Boethius contrast Rhetoric vs. Dialectic?
Rhetoric deals with everyone while Dialectic is developed for more learned thinkers, not public concern.
Booths believes Rhetoric deals with…
Civil Hypotheses
Dialectic is developed through _______ and _______
Questions
Answers
Rhetoric needs both an __________, while dialectic has for a judge the same person who acts as adversary.
Adversary and a Judge
What are Boethius’s Parts of Oration?
Introduction/Exordium Argument Partition Proof Refutation Peroration
It is the duty of the faculty of rhetoric to _____ and to _____.
Teach
Move
What does Boethius believe the Goals of Orator should be?
He must say he has “spoken in a way calculated to persuade; and in his audience… he must have truly persuaded them.”
What are Constitutiones?
Issues
No constitutio can be called a “part of the case” in which it figures, because it is ________”
the subject of the dispute…
We can design different _______ speeches around different subjects of _____
Rhetorical
Dispute
How does Rhetoric diminish?
Rhetoric does not deal with general questions
All general questions become questions of philosophy
Dialectic becomes separated from—perhaps opposite of—rhetoric
What’s Rhetoric’s vast scope during the Renaissance period?
Religion
Law and Politics
History and Culture
Humanism
How are Law and Politics defined in the Renaissance Era?
Authority uncertain between religion and secular government.
How is History and Culture defined during the Renaissance Era?
Literature
Public Life
Private Power
What is Renaissance Era humanism?
The capacity “to know and change the world”
Renaissance relies on ____ to make sense out of _____ ______ in increasingly ______ _______ ______.
Style
Public Participation
Complex Social Life
What is the differentiation of Education during the renaissance period?
Should it bemused for PURE REASON or PUBLIC LIFE.
During the Renaissance Era, they compared Dialectic to _____ vs. Rhetoric to ______
Logic
Humanism
Humanists Oppose ______
Scholasticism
What is Scholasticism?
The knowledge of external reality.
Who is associated with Italian Humanism?
Petrarch
Who is Associated with Northern European Humanism?
Peter Ramus
What is Roman humanitas?
Cultivated Learning
Such as History, Philosophy, and Individuality
Education should “______ literary art, moral philosophy, and civic responsibility in his _________ ____ ______.”
Combine
Writing and Oratory
Italien Humanism opposed?
Logic/Rationality
Italian Humanism tried to _______ Christian and secular thinking, writing, and acting in society.
Synthesize
Italian humanist could see rhetoric and philosophy as _____
United
Italian Humanists began to understand meaning itself as ______________.
Historically Established
To be actively _____, the responsible citizen must express philosophical insights in _______.
Useful
Language that is convincing in contemporary circumstances.
Italian humanists emphasize _____ ______ in all intellectual and political action.
Personal Performance
Develop personal talents amid _______.
Constraints of given historical circumstances.
What was Humanism in Northern Europe’s search for?
A “Universal Method”
What is the best way to arrive at a _______?
moral/practical truth
Humanism in Northern Europe do what between dialectic and rhetoric?
Further Separate
Northern European Humanism downplays what?
Emphasis on emotion, delivery and style—universal study of probable arguments in any realm.
Search for a Usable Educational Method, __________.
but “reduces rhetoric to a teachable method”
Peter Ramus rejects the?
Cumbersome earlier forms of thought.
_______ ______ the responsiblities of philosophy and rhetoric
Radically Redistributing
Peter Ramus believes rhetoric becomes?
Mere style
Through his _______ of language, the man of wisdom _______ and ________.
Versatile Use
Influences History
Guides Political Affairs
Political Rhetoric increasingly became ________ or government functionary.
The province of the courtier
Traditional Ciceronians tended to _______ and to treat rhetoric as a more courtly accomplishment…”
Emphasize Style
______ ______and pluralization of ______ _____.
Social Mobility
Compositional Forms
Racists consider Rhetoric as
Poetry, not statecraft.
Racists broke Rhetoric down to two parts:
Elocution and Pronunciation
Ramism and the Rise of Scientific Inquiry caused?
Reason… could free itself from all learned cultural dispositions and replace received wisdom with newly discovered universals or absolutes.
Ramism separates rhetoric from logic.
Shifts study to science and search for “external realities” rather than rhetorical invention and “mental interpretation.
Arnold said, “True Knowledge is?
A knowledge of things, not words.
Francis Bacon believed _____ generates knowledge.
Science
Modern style?
Increasing repression of Style.
What is the Conclusion of Modern Style?
Those who would defend rhetoric would have to do so first on the grounds of [its] style…
What is Sprezzatura?
Studied nonchalance
What does Castiglione define Concealment?
We may call that art true art which does not seem to be an art; nor must one be more careful of anything than of concealing it, because if it is discovered, this robs a man of all credit and causes him to be held in slight esteem.
Castiglione found style and knowledge from?
Writing, Affectation, Grace
Castiglione believes writing is
Simply a form of speaking which endures even after it is uttered—the image, as it were, or better, the soul of our words.
Who is the Courtier?
Skilled in writing and speaking.
Courtier increased Vernacular language, not _______
“Corrupted” Latin
The Courtier relies on?
A certain natural judgment and not by any art of rule.
When a Courtier is in the Public Space they must be?
Cautious and reserved rather than forward.
The public is a space of ________ rather than of _______.
Appearance
Truth
Ramus developed the?
New Intellectual Method
