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COM 409 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Quintilian’s Theory of an orator?

A

“The good man speaking well”

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2
Q

What is considered the EDUCATION of the orator?

A

Character and training

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3
Q

What is Quintilian’s technical vocabulary?

A

Imitation

Progymnasmata

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4
Q

What is Progymnasmata?

A

Training in specific practices of language use.

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5
Q

Study of the _____, _____, and ______ of Rhetoric?

A

Art
Artist
Work

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6
Q

Rhetoric is the “_____ ____” in education according to Quintilian.

A

Next Step

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7
Q

What kind of teacher is required for Rhetoric?

A

Morality “first and foremost”
“A parent toward his pupils”
discipline through patience, judgment, approval and condemnation – ex. No “applause”
Teach to speak and act

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8
Q

Teaching requires ______ of a student and his abilities.

A

Judgment

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9
Q

Quintilian introduced the use of?

A

Narration

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10
Q

In order to have a good narration, Quintilian believed one should have these three requirements.

A

Practice
Refutation
Confirmation

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11
Q

What are “Common Places”?

A

The virtues/vices of unnamed individuals.

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12
Q

What is a comparison of things?

A

Thesis/Antithesis

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13
Q

Teachers can instruct students through ______ examples and speeches.

A

Historical

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14
Q

Both composition and _____ of works.

A

Style

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15
Q

Students should aim to be between ______ and ______ style

A

Ancient

Modern

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16
Q

Teachers “accommodate” ______ ______

A

Natural Abilities

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17
Q

According to Quintilian, Natural Skill is _________

A

Not enough

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18
Q

Rhetorical Instruction teaches the ______ _______ ideas and arranged speech

A

Connection between

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19
Q

True or False

Quintilian is for overly vigorous or overly memorized speech.

A

False

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20
Q

Quintilian believes Speaking must be ______ ______.

A

Beyond Rules

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21
Q

The orator, in all his pleadings, should keep two things in view, what is _______, and what is ______.

A

Becoming

Expedient

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22
Q

What are Quintilian’s Key Elements of Speech?

A

The “case at hand”
The “time”
The “occasion”
“Necessity” – can we change the situation?

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23
Q

How does Quintilian divides Rhetoric into three parts?

A

Art
Artist
Work

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24
Q

How Quintilian define the “art” of rhetoric?

A

Attained by study, “how to speak well.”

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25
Q

Who does Quintilian define the “artist” of rhetoric?

A

The Orator, “whose business it is to speak well.”

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26
Q

How does Quintilian define the “work” of rhetoric?

A

What is “achieved by” the artist, “good speaking.”

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27
Q

What is the difference in perspective between Quintilian and Aristotle?

A

Aristotle detaches himself from the event while Quintilian believes a speech must be “just” or “good”

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28
Q

How does Quintilian define “The Good Man Speaking well.”s

A

Both effectively and virtuously.

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29
Q

Quintilian ______ the criticism of oratory by ______ it.

A

Sidesteps

Redefining

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30
Q

Oratory is an ________, not a _______

A

art (scientia)

simple practice

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31
Q

What is telos?

A

End

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32
Q

Oratory is not just “to ______”

A

Persuade

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33
Q

Oratory requires…

A

Education

Method

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34
Q

The orator’s “art…. consists in his _____, not… in the result.”

A

Act

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35
Q

The ______ of Education makes it _______

A

Process

Positive

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36
Q

Perfect _____ requires virtue and knowledge.

A

Oratory

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37
Q

Speakers should speak only on topics they _____

A

Know

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38
Q

Rhetoric is _______: “Everything that may come before an orator for discussion.”

A

Universal

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39
Q

Writing is…

A

The Teacher of Eloquence

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40
Q

How does Quintilian explain Morality?

A

Audiences don’t believe immoral speakers.

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41
Q

Who is The Perfect Orator?

A

A calmer of the populace.

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42
Q

A moral speaker does not…

A

Argue against his own beliefs.

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43
Q

Quintilian believes an orator must study _____ above all things?

A

Morality

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44
Q

What does Boethius define as general questions?

A

Theses

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45
Q

Rhetoric becomes a _______ by dialectic, to specific cases.

A

Means of applying general rules, established

46
Q

Rhetoric takes a _______ and ______ place in the Medieval university curriculum.

A

Preliminary

Subordinate

47
Q

What does Boethius define a Genus?

A

A Faculty

48
Q

What does Boethius define a Species?

A

Judicial, Demonstrative, Deliberative

49
Q

How does Boethius define Parts?

A

Parts: General Principles or Specific Application of Principles

50
Q

We shall treat the _____ of the art, its _____, its ____, its tools, and the parts of the tools, the duty of its practitioners, and its goals.

A

Genus
Species
Parts

51
Q

Boethius has the same parts of rhetoric as this handless Roman.

A

Cicero

Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery

52
Q

How does Boethius contrast Rhetoric vs. Dialectic?

A

Rhetoric deals with everyone while Dialectic is developed for more learned thinkers, not public concern.

53
Q

Booths believes Rhetoric deals with…

A

Civil Hypotheses

54
Q

Dialectic is developed through _______ and _______

A

Questions

Answers

55
Q

Rhetoric needs both an __________, while dialectic has for a judge the same person who acts as adversary.

A

Adversary and a Judge

56
Q

What are Boethius’s Parts of Oration?

A 
Introduction/Exordium
Argument
Partition
Proof
Refutation
Peroration
57
Q

It is the duty of the faculty of rhetoric to _____ and to _____.

A

Teach

Move

58
Q

What does Boethius believe the Goals of Orator should be?

A

He must say he has “spoken in a way calculated to persuade; and in his audience… he must have truly persuaded them.”

59
Q

What are Constitutiones?

A

Issues

60
Q

No constitutio can be called a “part of the case” in which it figures, because it is ________”

A

the subject of the dispute…

61
Q

We can design different _______ speeches around different subjects of _____

A

Rhetorical

Dispute

62
Q

How does Rhetoric diminish?

A

Rhetoric does not deal with general questions

All general questions become questions of philosophy

Dialectic becomes separated from—perhaps opposite of—rhetoric

63
Q

What’s Rhetoric’s vast scope during the Renaissance period?

A

Religion
Law and Politics
History and Culture
Humanism

64
Q

How are Law and Politics defined in the Renaissance Era?

A

Authority uncertain between religion and secular government.

65
Q

How is History and Culture defined during the Renaissance Era?

A

Literature
Public Life
Private Power

66
Q

What is Renaissance Era humanism?

A

The capacity “to know and change the world”

67
Q

Renaissance relies on ____ to make sense out of _____ ______ in increasingly ______ _______ ______.

A

Style
Public Participation
Complex Social Life

68
Q

What is the differentiation of Education during the renaissance period?

A

Should it bemused for PURE REASON or PUBLIC LIFE.

69
Q

During the Renaissance Era, they compared Dialectic to _____ vs. Rhetoric to ______

A

Logic

Humanism

70
Q

Humanists Oppose ______

A

Scholasticism

71
Q

What is Scholasticism?

A

The knowledge of external reality.

72
Q

Who is associated with Italian Humanism?

A

Petrarch

73
Q

Who is Associated with Northern European Humanism?

A

Peter Ramus

74
Q

What is Roman humanitas?

A

Cultivated Learning

Such as History, Philosophy, and Individuality

75
Q

Education should “______ literary art, moral philosophy, and civic responsibility in his _________ ____ ______.”

A

Combine

Writing and Oratory

76
Q

Italien Humanism opposed?

A

Logic/Rationality

77
Q

Italian Humanism tried to _______ Christian and secular thinking, writing, and acting in society.

A

Synthesize

78
Q

Italian humanist could see rhetoric and philosophy as _____

A

United

79
Q

Italian Humanists began to understand meaning itself as ______________.

A

Historically Established

80
Q

To be actively _____, the responsible citizen must express philosophical insights in _______.

A

Useful

Language that is convincing in contemporary circumstances.

81
Q

Italian humanists emphasize _____ ______ in all intellectual and political action.

A

Personal Performance

82
Q

Develop personal talents amid _______.

A

Constraints of given historical circumstances.

83
Q

What was Humanism in Northern Europe’s search for?

A

A “Universal Method”

84
Q

What is the best way to arrive at a _______?

A

moral/practical truth

85
Q

Humanism in Northern Europe do what between dialectic and rhetoric?

A

Further Separate

86
Q

Northern European Humanism downplays what?

A

Emphasis on emotion, delivery and style—universal study of probable arguments in any realm.

87
Q

Search for a Usable Educational Method, __________.

A

but “reduces rhetoric to a teachable method”

88
Q

Peter Ramus rejects the?

A

Cumbersome earlier forms of thought.

89
Q

_______ ______ the responsiblities of philosophy and rhetoric

A

Radically Redistributing

90
Q

Peter Ramus believes rhetoric becomes?

A

Mere style

91
Q

Through his _______ of language, the man of wisdom _______ and ________.

A

Versatile Use
Influences History
Guides Political Affairs

92
Q

Political Rhetoric increasingly became ________ or government functionary.

A

The province of the courtier

93
Q

Traditional Ciceronians tended to _______ and to treat rhetoric as a more courtly accomplishment…”

A

Emphasize Style

94
Q

______ ______and pluralization of ______ _____.

A

Social Mobility

Compositional Forms

95
Q

Racists consider Rhetoric as

A

Poetry, not statecraft.

96
Q

Racists broke Rhetoric down to two parts:

A

Elocution and Pronunciation

97
Q

Ramism and the Rise of Scientific Inquiry caused?

A

Reason… could free itself from all learned cultural dispositions and replace received wisdom with newly discovered universals or absolutes.

98
Q

Ramism separates rhetoric from logic.

A

Shifts study to science and search for “external realities” rather than rhetorical invention and “mental interpretation.

99
Q

Arnold said, “True Knowledge is?

A

A knowledge of things, not words.

100
Q

Francis Bacon believed _____ generates knowledge.

A

Science

101
Q

Modern style?

A

Increasing repression of Style.

102
Q

What is the Conclusion of Modern Style?

A

Those who would defend rhetoric would have to do so first on the grounds of [its] style…

103
Q

What is Sprezzatura?

A

Studied nonchalance

104
Q

What does Castiglione define Concealment?

A

We may call that art true art which does not seem to be an art; nor must one be more careful of anything than of concealing it, because if it is discovered, this robs a man of all credit and causes him to be held in slight esteem.

105
Q

Castiglione found style and knowledge from?

A

Writing, Affectation, Grace

106
Q

Castiglione believes writing is

A

Simply a form of speaking which endures even after it is uttered—the image, as it were, or better, the soul of our words.

107
Q

Who is the Courtier?

A

Skilled in writing and speaking.

108
Q

Courtier increased Vernacular language, not _______

A

“Corrupted” Latin

109
Q

The Courtier relies on?

A

A certain natural judgment and not by any art of rule.

110
Q

When a Courtier is in the Public Space they must be?

A

Cautious and reserved rather than forward.

111
Q

The public is a space of ________ rather than of _______.

A

Appearance

Truth

112
Q

Ramus developed the?

A

New Intellectual Method

COM 409 (1 decks)

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