exam 2 Flashcards
infants begin perceiving perception when
first minutes of life
habituation vs generalization
habituation- when the baby gets bored and looks away
generalization-making a different but similar response to the same stimulus
infant field of vision
12 in, start seeing rbgy by 2/3 mo,perceive light and dark, focus on nearby objects, distinguish colors, and see simple patterns
size constancy
recognize that an object is of the same size despite changes in its distance from the eyes,
size constancy/piajet
piajet
cliff experiment
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk; 2mo old start getting scared
newborn perception
hear better than they see starting at 19 weeks, prefer moderately complex auditory stimuli, better than adults at speech perception, sweet/bitter taste
teen tastes
.A preference for sour tastes, or at least a tolerance for sour tastes, is associated with willingness to try new foods and expand food horizons
piajet interest in kids
intrigued by children’s mistakes because he
noticed that children o the same age oten made similar
kinds of mental mistakes—errors typically different than those made by younger or older children; observed own kids
piajetes clinical method
a flexible question-and-answer technique
used to discover how children think about problems. no standardized questions so not precise
piajet defined intelligence how
intelligence is a basic life function that helps an organism
adapt to its environment
vygotsky/ scaffolding
the more-skilled person gives structured help to a less-skilled learner but gradually reduces the help as the less-skilled learner becomes more competent
vygotsky/ zome of proximal development
—the gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what she can accomplish with the guidance and encouragement of a more-skilled partner
_____ influence learning
cultural factors, other kids, social interaction
piajets biggest contribution
his description of stages of cognitive development
vygotsky sociocultural learnin
cognitive development is shaped by the culture in which children live and the kinds of problem-solving strategies that adults and other knowledgeable guides pass on to them
information processing approach
,which emphasizes the basic mental processes involved in attention, perception, memory, and decision making.
Sensory register- (seconds, at most)
holds the sensory information that swirls around us
stm & ltm
working memory
mental “scratch pad” that temporarily stores information while actively operating on it whats on ones mind;
stm
5-7 min 20/30 sec
stm/wm
Working memory refers to the processes that are used to temporarily store, organize and manipulate information. Short-term memory,refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory
implicit memory called procedural memory
which occurs unintentionally, automatically, and without awareness
baby mobile experiment
recall memory
stm capacity improves in gradeschool because
the frontal lobe matures
most amount of autobiographical memories
20/25
