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Physio 215 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Function of the ependymal cells?

A

serves as a shock-absorbing fluid to prevent the brain from bumping against hard skull

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1
Q

Help form and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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2
Q

What is blood-brain barrier?

A

Limit access of blood-borne materials into brain tissue

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3
Q

Hormonal Communications by chemical messengers

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

Neural communication by nerve cells

A

Nervous system

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5
Q

Receptor

A

Response to stimulus

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6
Q

Sensory neuron

A

transmits afferent impulses to the CNS

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7
Q

Integration center

A

Region within the CNS, sensory impulse to motor impulse

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8
Q

motor neuron

A

conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector

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9
Q

effector

A

muscle fibers and glands

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10
Q

somatic

A

carries sensory info from skin, skeletal muscles

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11
Q

visceral

A

carries sensory info from smooth muscles, glands, and organs

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12
Q

dorsal

A

upper side or back of

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13
Q

ventral

A

underside

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14
Q

What is salutatory conduction?

A

type of nerve impulse that helps signals get from one place to another

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

Motor control
receives auditory
visual signal
controls sleep and awake states

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls body temp
controls food intake
controls anterior pituitary hormone secretion
participates in sleep-wake cycle

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17
Q

Insula (Insular cortex)

A

Integrates autonomic info

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18
Q

Cerebellum

A

maintains proper position of body
motor activity
sends input to the motor areas of cortex

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19
Q

pons

A

helps regulate rate & depth of breathing

relays nerve impulses

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20
Q

medulla

A

conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain & spinal cord
contains cardiac vasomotor & resp. control center

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21
Q

sensory cortex

A

conscious awareness of sensation

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22
Q

motor cortex

A

control voluntary movement

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23
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

region of brain where spoke language is understood

language comprehension
language recognition

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24
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls speaking ability

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25
Q

brain stem

A

controls many life-sustaining processes

oldest region in brain

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26
Q

sympathetic

A

response

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27
Q

parasympathetic

A

energy

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28
Q

lipid soluble

A

bind to cytoplasmic receptors & transported to the nucleus

moves through plasma membrane

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29
Q

lipid insoluble

A

bind to cell surface receptors

binding can lead to a second messenger

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30
Q

Short term memory

A

lasts for seconds to hours

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31
Q

long term memory

A

retained for days to years

stored and can be recalled throughout a lifetime

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32
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

progressive degeneration disease of brain that results in dementia

33
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the substatantia nigra

34
Q

Huntington disease

A

fatal hereditary disorder caused by protein huntington that leads to degeneration of the basal nuclei & cerebral cortex

35
Q

Cerebrovascular accidents

A

blood circulation is blocked & brain tissue dies

36
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

blood flows to a part of brain and stops for a brief period of time

37
Q

automic nerve damage

A

visual auditory (hearing)

38
Q

motor nerve damage

A

muscle coordination

39
Q

sensory nerve damage

A

emotion

40
Q

Sensory & Visceral Stimuli

A

Afferent

41
Q

Somatic & Autonomic

A

Efferent

42
Q

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

A

Autonomic

43
Q

Motor neurons -> skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

44
Q

Smooth, cardiac, exocrine, glands

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

45
Q

digestive organs only

A

enteric

46
Q

What is EEG?

A

records electrical activity that accompanies brain function

47
Q

Nonrapid eye movement

A

slow wave

48
Q

rapid eye movement

A

paradoxical

49
Q

REM

A

(Paradoxical)
skeletal muscles are actively inhibited
most dreaming occurs

50
Q

NREM stage 1

A

(Paradoxical)
relaxation begins
arousal is easy

51
Q

NREM stage 2

A

(Slow wave)
irregular EEG with sleep spindles
arousal is difficult

52
Q

NREM stage 3

A

(Slow wave)
sleep deepens
vital signs decline

53
Q

NREM stage 4

A 
(slow wave)
EEG is dominated by delta waves 
bed wetting
night terrors 
sleepwalking
54
Q

Synapse

A

small gap at the end of a neuron that allows info to pass from one neuron to the next

55
Q

Presynaptic

A

conducts impulses toward the synapse

56
Q

Postsynaptic

A

transmits impulses away from the synapse

57
Q

Dendrite

A

receptive region

58
Q

cell body

A

biosynthetic center & receptive region

59
Q

axon

A

nerver fiber

elongated tubular extension that conducts action potential away from the

60
Q

axon hillock

A

first portion of axon

61
Q

axon terminal

A

release chemical messengers that influence other cells with which they come close associated

62
Q

myelin sheath

A

reduces a membranes ion permeability

63
Q

Dura mater

A

thickest outer layer
protective layer
supports the large venous channels that carry bloom from brain to heart

64
Q

arachnoid mater

A

middle, thin membrane
composed of fibrous tissue
covered by flat cells

65
Q

pia mater

A

Inner, thin membrane

surface of brain & spinal cord

66
Q

astrocytes

A

most abudant
holds neurons together
guides neurons during fatal brain development
takes up excess K+ from brain

67
Q

oligodendrogytes

A

enhances velocity of electrical transmission

68
Q

microglia

A

immune defense
release low levels of growth factors in resting state
regulates mitosis, phagocyte

69
Q

ependymal cells

A

ciliated

help form & circulate cerebrospinal fluid

70
Q

ligand-gated

A

open with binding of a specific neurotransmitter

71
Q

voltage-gated channel

A

open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

72
Q

membrane channels

A

open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors

73
Q

nociception

A

from nerve endings sensitive to temp

74
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detect ions & molecules (smell & taste)

75
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

changes in pressure, position, stretch, touch, hearing

76
Q

thermoreceptors

A

hot or cold temps

77
Q

pain receptors

A

severe heat & pressure & chemical release by inflamed tissue

78
Q

What is a weak stimulus?

A

cause few neurons to fire and at a slow rate

79
Q

What is a strong stimulus?

A

cause thousands of neurons to fire at the same time and at hundreds of times per second

80
Q

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neurons

Physio 215 (1 decks)

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