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Audiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The audiogram is used to describe what?

A

Degree of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, if referral is needed, and to predict ability to listen and communicate.

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1
Q

What is the range of hertz that the audiogram measures?

A

250-8000Hz

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2
Q

Give three examples of a diagnostic and computer based audiometer.

A

1.) interacoustic Model AC40
2.) Grason-Stradler Inc, Model 61
3.) Aurial
(*Diagnostic Audiometers must always have two separate channels with all of the functions duplicated.)

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3
Q

What was the original automatic audiometer?

A

Bekesy audiometer–hold to raise and release to lower.

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4
Q

Screening audiometer

A

Uses limited pure tones.
Used in schools and hospitals.
(20dB screened at 1000, 2000, and 4000Hz)

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5
Q

FM (frequency modulated) or warble tones (types of stimuli)

A

Typically used with peds population and holds the interest of this population more.

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6
Q

Pulsed-tones (type of stimuli)

A

Typically used with adults and increases patients awareness of the stimuli (distinguishes btwn tinnitus and the stimulus.)

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7
Q

Narrow band noise

A

Used as a master for pure tone stimuli and used for peds testing.

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8
Q

Speech noise

A

Used as a basket for speech stimuli

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9
Q

Transducers

A

Device capable of vibrating when activated by an electrical signal from the oscillator, converts the electrical signal into a vibration that can be heard.

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10
Q

Types of transducers

A

Insert earphones, super-aural headphones, high frequency earphones, speakers, and bone conduction vibrator

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11
Q

Insert earphones

A 
-Acoustic diaphragm housed in a case,
Sent through a small tube, and placed in the ear by a disposable foam cuff
-Disposable 
-Placement is important
-Test 250-8000Hz
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12
Q

Supra-aural headphones

A
  • Standard use before inserts were developed.
  • Position is important
  • Can cause collapsed canal
  • Tests 250-8000Hz
  • 5dB higher output than inserts
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13
Q

High frequency earphones

A
  • Used to test frequencies above 8000Hz

- Placement is important

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14
Q

Sound field speakers

A
  • Test patients with hearing aids
  • Test young children
  • Not ear specific
  • –Best to use narrowband noises or warble tones
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15
Q

Bone conduction vibrator

A
  • Placed on mastoid, doesn’t touch auricle, and placed under hair
  • Placed on one side of the head at a time
  • Both ears receive vibration
  • Masking must be used to get ear specific thresholds
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16
Q

What is the range (in Hz) that bone conduction tests?

A

250-4000Hz

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17
Q

What is the limited intensity range of bone conduction and is it frequency dependent?

A

50-80dB

Yes, it is frequency dependent

18
Q

Vibro-tactile response

A

Low-frequency (500Hz or lower and high intensity 55dB+)

19
Q

Bone conduction (unmasked) gives threshold from which ear?

A

The BEST hearing ear NOT the ear the bone vibrator is closest to

20
Q

How to avoid the occlusion effect

A

EACs must be uncovered (unmasked thresholds)

21
Q

How often do the Audiometers have to be calibrated?

A

Annually through special equipment and usually through an outside company.
(Sound booths/rooms are also tested annually for acceptable noise levels)

22
Q

What are air conduction and speech testing transducers?

A

Insert earphones or headphones

23
Q

Air conduction tests what frequencies?

A

125-20,000Hz (250-8000 most common)

-10 to 110/120dB

24
Q

Speech testing (CD or MP3 files)

A
  • Speech reception thresholds (STRs)
  • Word discrimination scores
  • Speech in noise testing
  • Auditory processing tests
25
Q

What does bone conduction test (in terms of frequency and decibels)

A

250-4000Hz

-10 to 50-80dB

26
Q

Air conduction and bone conduction

A
  • Patients hearing loss is basses on AC results
  • AC looks at the entire auditory system
  • BC looks at the inner ear
  • The combination of AC and BC helps identify where the hearing loss occurs
27
Q

Normal hearing loss

A
  • All parts of the ear function normally

- No air-bone gap: within 10dB (air/bone essentially the same) AND all thresholds are equal or better than 25 dB HL

28
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

A
  • Problem in the inner ear
  • No air bone gap: within 10dB (air/bone are essentially the same) and at least some thresholds (air and bone) are worse than 25dB HL
29
Q

Conductive hearing loss (CHL)

A
  • Problem in the outer or middle ear

- Air bone gap present: >10dB AND bone conduction is equal to or better than 25dB

30
Q

Mixed hearing loss

A
  • Problem in the outer OR middle ear AND the inner ear

- Air bone gap present: >10dB AND bone conduction thresholds are >25dB HL

31
Q

Procedure for obtaining pure tone thresholds

A
  1. ) Directions to the patient
  2. ) Put transducer on ears
  3. ) Test better ear first
  4. ) Test AC before BC
32
Q

What are the frequencies tested for AC when testing for pure tone?

A

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 8000Hz

*1000Hz is recommended starting frequency

33
Q

When must you test half octaves?

A

(Half octaves: 750, 1500Hz)

When 20dB difference or more btwn octaves

34
Q

What are the frequencies tested for BC when testing pure tone?

A

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000

35
Q

Pure tone testing: level of first presentation?

A

10dB below the level of the listener’s response to the familiarization presentation

36
Q

Modified Hughson Westlake technique

A

Start up 5dB down 10dB

Ascending threshold procedure

37
Q

Threshold

A

Softest level a patient can accurately identify 2/3 of the time

38
Q

False positive

A

Patient responds when no sound is present

39
Q

False negative

A

Patient does not respond even when a sound is audible

40
Q

Techniques for testing infants and toddlers

A
  • Having an assistant is easiest
  • Try to use headphones for ear specific information
  • Newborns to 5-6 months test via physiologic measures–Immittance, OAEs, ABRs
  • Visual reinforcement audiometry (ages 6 months to 2 years)
  • Conditioned play audiometry (ages 2-4 years)
41
Q

Visual reinforcement audiometry

6 months to 2 years

A
  • mechanical toy in tinted box lights up when sound is played
  • child is then distracted away from mechanical toy and then it is presented again
  • only turns on when head is turned
42
Q

Conditioned play audiometry

Ages 2-4 years

A
  • can be tested by AC and BC

- child performs fun activity when pure tone is heard

Audiology (1 decks)

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