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Health Assessment > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

0
Q

Pitch

A

(Frequency) The number of vibrations/cycles per second of a note.

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1
Q

Amplitude

A

Volume

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2
Q

Quality

A

(Timbre) A subjective difference in a sound due to the sounds distinctive overtones.

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3
Q

Resonance

A

The low pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult. It is a relative term and has no constant standard.

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4
Q

Hyperresonance

A

A lower pitch booming sound found when too much air is present, such as in emphysema & pneumothorax.

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5
Q

Tympany

A

A high-pitched, resonant, drum like note obtained by percussing over an air-filled viscus/organ. (Intestines & Pneumothorax)

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6
Q

Blood pressure is?

A

The force exerted by blood against vessel walls.

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7
Q

Normal BP for adults 18 & over?

A

120/80 mm Hg

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8
Q

Endogenous obesity is caused by?

A

Excesses adrenocorticotropin production by the pituitary gland.

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9
Q

The general survey consists of 4 distinct areas.?

A

Physical appearance, body structure, mobility, & behavior.

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10
Q

Tachycardia

A

Adult HR of >50 bpm.

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11
Q

Bradycardia

A

Adult HR of <50 bpm.

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12
Q

A weak & thready pulse reflects?

A

A decreased stroke volume, as with bleeding, shock, & dehydration.

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13
Q

Sinus arrhythmia is a pulse that is?

A

Irregular; the HR varies with respiratory cycle.

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14
Q

A full, bounding pulse (3+) reflects?

A

An increased stroke volume, as with anxiety & exercise.

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15
Q

Pain signals are carried to the CNS by way of?

A

Afferent fibers.

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16
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Nerve endings that detect painful sensation from the periphery and transmit them to the central nervous system.

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17
Q

Nociception

A

Process whereby noxious stimuli are perceived as pain; central & peripheral nervous systems are intact.

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18
Q

The 4 phases of nociceptive pain are?

A

Transduction, Transmission, Perception, Modulation.

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19
Q

What occurs during transduction (the 1st phase of nociceptive pain)?

A

Pain signals move from the site of origin to the spinal cord.

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20
Q

What occurs during transmission (The 2nd phase of nociceptive pain)?

A

The pain impulse moves from the level of the spinal cord to the brain.

21
Q

What happens during perception (The 3rd level of nociceptive pain)?

A

Interpretation of the pain signal by the brain.

22
Q

What happens during modulation (The 4th phase of nociceptive pain)?

A

Neutralization of chemical mediators to decrease the perception of pain.

23
Q

Neuropathic results from?

A

Abnormal processing of the pain message.

24
Q

What is the source of deep somatic pain?

A

Muscles, bones, joints, tendons, or blood vessels.

25
Q

What is the source of visceral pain?

A

Larger interior organs such as the pancreas & intestines.

26
Q

What is hemoglobin (Hb) level used to detect?

A

Iron deficiency anemia.

27
Q

What are the normal hemoglobin (Hb) values for an infant?

A

1-3 days old = 14.5-22.5 g/dL

2 months = 9.0–14.0 g/ dL

28
Q

What are the normal hemoglobin (Hb) values for children?

A

6 - 12 years old = 11.5–15.5 g/dL

29
Q

What are the normal hemoglobin (Hb) values for an adult?

A

Adult males = 14-18 g/dL

Females = 12–16 g/dL

30
Q

What does an abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) value suggest?

A

Increased hemoglobin levels suggest hemoconcentration due to polycythemia vera for dehydration.

Decreased hemoglobin levels may indicate anemia, recent hemorrhage, or hemodilution caused by fluid retention.

31
Q

What does a hematocrit (HCT) value measure?

A

Cell volume and iron status.

32
Q

What is the normal hematocrit (HCT) value and infants?

A

1-3 days old = 44% – 72%

Two months old = 28% – 42%

33
Q

What is the normal hematocrit (HCT) value for children?

A

6–12 years old = 35% – 45%

34
Q

What is the normal hematocrit (HCT) value in adults?

A 
Males = 37% – 49%
Females = 36% – 46%
35
Q

What does a low hematocrit (HCT) value indicate?

A

Insufficient hemoglobin formation ** hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) value should be interpreted together** (Order an H & H)

36
Q

When are lab tests performed in infants and children?

A

Only when undernutrition is suspected or the child has acute or chronic illnesses that affect nutritional status. In children ages 9–12 months iron and lead levels should be assessed.

37
Q

What is a total cholesterol level evaluate?

A

Fat metabolism, the risk for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

38
Q

Normal cholesterol concentrations vary with age and gender and ranges from?

A

120-200 mg/dL.

39
Q

What disease risk increases with serum cholesterol level?

A

Coronary artery disease

40
Q

What is a borderline high/moderate risk serum cholesterol level?

A

200-239 mg/dL

41
Q

What is a high-risk serum cholesterol level? What level reflects obesity?

A

240 mg/dL / >200 mg/dL

42
Q

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is considered the? And is closely associated with what disease?

A

“Bad cholesterol.” Arthrosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

43
Q

What is a desirable LDL-C value in children and adolescents?

A

<110 mg/dL

44
Q

What is the desirable LDL-C value in adults?

A

<130 mg/dL

45
Q

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is the?

A

“Good cholesterol”

46
Q

HDL-C is inversely related to?

A

Coronary artery disease

47
Q

What are normal values for HDL-C?

A

Men 35-65 mg/dL

Women 35-80 mg/dL

48
Q

Serum triglyceride (TG) values or blood fats are used to screen for what?

A

Hyperlipidemia and the risk for coronary artery disease

49
Q

What fasting levels of serum triglycerides are fairly widely excepted?

A

Ages 0-19 equals 10-100 mg/dL

Ages 20-65 = <150 mg/dL

Health Assessment (6 decks)

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