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Deviance & Social Control > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

study for Exam 2

0
Q

Ethical assumptions deal with:

A

Whether a variable is right or wrong, good or bad

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1
Q

T or F: a mesomorph is a skinny person

A

False

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2
Q

T or F: strain theorists believe that people are basically bad

A

False

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3
Q

Classical theorists of deviance believe that punishment should:

A

Fit the crime, not the individual

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4
Q

T or F: In the following hypothesis, the independent variable is suicide: “Suicide rates increase as social integration decreases”

A

False

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5
Q

T or F: strain theorists believe that crime is a result of strain and a lack of social control

A

False

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6
Q

The “Dark Ages” was characterized by the dominance of:

A

The Catholic Church
The point of view that the world could only be understood through theological eyes
The thought that the world and the people could not be changed

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7
Q

Classical theory came out of the philosophy of the:

A

Enlightenment (the age of reason)

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8
Q

Classical theorists believed that people were ___ and were responsible for their actions

A

Hedonistic and free willed

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9
Q

The important classical criminologist is:

A

Cesare Beccaria (Father of the Classical School of Crime)

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10
Q

The classical thinkers wanted to:

A

Protect people from corruption and the misuse of power
Do away with arbitrary and barbarian punishment
Give people due process

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11
Q

If you believe in the classical theory, you:

A

Rich people and poor people should be treated the same for the same crime

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12
Q

Positivist theorists of deviance:

A

Focus on cause and effect
Assume crime is caused by many variables
Believe that most people are in agreement about what is criminal

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13
Q

To or F: the Gluecks found that compared to delinquent boys, delinquent girls had less affection from their parents

A

False

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14
Q

T or F: if you say that deviance is bad, you are making an epistemological assumption

A

False

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15
Q

T or F: a negative correlation between variables exists when one variable goes down and the other variable goes down as well.

A

False

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16
Q

T or F: Sheldon believed that endomorphic boys were more delinquent than mezzomorphic boys

A

False

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17
Q

T or F: in the following hypothesis, the independent variable is cheating: cheating decreases as social pressure decreases

A

False

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18
Q

T or F: symbolic interactionists, compared to structural functionalists, would spend more time focusing on the delinquent’s understanding of his or her situation

A

True

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19
Q

T or F: Thomas Hobbes believed that people were basically good

A

False

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20
Q

T or F: if you believe that even a little deviance is a bad thing for society, then you are making an ethical decision

A

True

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21
Q

T or F: Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that people were basically bad

A

False

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22
Q

T or F: John Locke believed people were born neither good nor bad

A

True

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23
Q

T or F: one way that Beccaria believed that crime could be prevented was by rewarding virtue

A

True

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24
Q

T or F: biological positivist believe that structure determines function

A

True

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25
Q

T or F: the principle of utility meant punishment was for prevention only

A

True

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26
Q

T or F: Beccaria’s social contract is an invisible agreement

A

True

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27
Q

T or F: according to Beccaria punishment is primarily meant to deter deviance and crime

A

True

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28
Q

T or F: the Gluecks studied 500 delinquent boys

A

True

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29
Q

T or F: biological positivists belong to the classical school of crime

A

False

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30
Q

T or F: Cesare Lombroso was associated with atavism

A

True

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31
Q

T or F: Atavism is the term used to describe how the crime rate drops below the average level

A

False

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32
Q

T or F: How social order is maintained is a major concern of structural functionalists

A

True

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33
Q

T or F: An operational definition is the same as a curvilinear relationship

A

False

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34
Q

T or F: On Crimes and Punishment was written by the pope

A

False

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35
Q

T or F: Physiognomy is the estimation of character and intelligence base on skull shape

A

False

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36
Q

T or F: the term felicity calculus is associated with the classical school of crime

A

True

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37
Q

T or F: Lombroso believed that one way to prevent crime was to reward virtue ex. giving a reward to someone who parks legally

A

False

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38
Q

T or F: If you believe that there is a social concensus about moral values and what should be criminal, then you are most likely a theorist from conflict perspective

A

False

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39
Q

T or F: An epistemological assumption deals with the nature of society

A

False

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40
Q

T or F: Sheldon claimed that ectomorphs would most likely become delinquent

A

False

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41
Q

T or F: a nominal definition of deviance is basically a dictionary definition

A

True

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42
Q

T or F: the following is an example of a positive relationship between two variables: as frustration increases crime also increase

A

True

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43
Q

What kind of a relationship is the following? Suicide rates increase as social integration goes down

A

Negative relationship

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44
Q

What kind of relationship between variables is the following: as society pushes harder people feel more strain

A

Positive relationship

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45
Q

T or F: An example of a negative relationship between two variables would be: as crime increases social control increases

A

False

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46
Q

The father of the classical school of deviance theory

A

Cesar Beccaria

47
Q

The dark ages lasted about

A

1000 years

48
Q

T or F: The dark ages was characterized by the dominance of the classical school of deviance

A

False

49
Q

T or F: Tabula Rasa means that we are all born bad and need to be controlled by society

A

False

50
Q

T or F: classical theorists of deviance believe that punishment should fit the crime not the criminal

A

True

51
Q

T or F: Hedonism is the seeking of pleasure and avoidance of pain

A

True

52
Q

T or F: Social control can be a dependent variable in the study of deviance

A

True

53
Q

T or F: A student of deviance and social control who uses conflict theory is likely to ask, “what structures promote inequality?”

A

True

54
Q

T or F: A student of deviance and social control who uses conflict theory is likely to ask, “how do roles make the society run smoothly?”

A

False

55
Q

T or F: A student of deviance and social control who uses the symbolic interaction theory is likely to ask, “is there a vocabulary unique to the people in this site?”

A

False

56
Q

T or F: A student of deviance and social control who uses the structural function theory is likely to ask, “how do people in society experience their reality there?”

A

False

57
Q

T or F: A student of deviance and social control who uses the conflict theory is likely to ask, “are there different social classes in the society or site”

A

True

58
Q

T or F: a student of deviance and social control who uses the symbolic interaction theory is likely to ask, “how does an individual change his behavior from one situation to another”

A

True

59
Q

T or F: in the following hypothesis “psychological stress” is the dependent variable: deviance increases as psychological stress increases

A

False

60
Q

T or F: a metaphysical assumption deals with the nature of reality

A

True

61
Q

T or F: Thomas Hobbes believed that people need to be controlled

A

True

62
Q

T or F: A good example of the classical theory of deviance is that some males have an extra Y chromosome, and that is what makes these males more aggressive and deviant

A

False

63
Q

T or F: Positivist theorists believed that human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will

A

True

64
Q

T or F: Ontological assumptions deal with whether people are free willed or determined

A

True

65
Q

T or F: a theory is an explanation as to how things are related to each other

A

True

66
Q

T or F: according to Beccaria punishment should only be used for revenge

A

False

67
Q

Theories are comprised of:

A

Concepts and definitions of concepts

hypotheses

68
Q

T or F: theories can be tested through verification and falsification

A

True

69
Q

the theorist best associated with atavism is

A

Cesar Lombroso

70
Q

The judging of character from facial features falls in the area of study called

A

Physiognomy

71
Q

Another word for the Enlightenment is

A

The age of reason

72
Q

Hedonistic rationality is the same as

A

felicity calculus

73
Q

T or F: Strain theorists believe that deviance is a result of too much social control

A

True

74
Q

T or F: Symbolic interventionists usually ask, “how do people perceive their reality?”

A

True

76
Q

What is Sociology?

A

the scientific study of human behavior and human relationships that come about as a result of the fact that men/women everywhere live group lives

77
Q

Emile Durkheim was a:

A

Strain theorist/Structural functionalist

78
Q

“soft determinism” theories are

A

a blending of the classical and positivist positions

79
Q

T or F: Durkheim believed that society is more than a group of individual people, each doing his or her own thing. Thus crime and deviance could not solely be explained by an individual’s psychology

A

True

80
Q

if a society is “suis generis “ it is

A

unique, self-generating, always changing

81
Q

___ believed people are dominated by “SOCIAL FACTS” (family, school, government) and submit to them to avoid pain

A

Emile Durkheim

82
Q

Durkheim believed that crime

A

was a social fact found in all societies (normal)

without crime a society would cease to exist

83
Q

What are the main functions of crime in a society?

A 
Marks boundaries of morality
Guides acceptable behavior
Promotes social solidarity
Punish those who break the social contract
Leads to social change
84
Q

define anomie

A

the break down of social norms, and the resulting alienation from the collective conscience (general sense of morality)

85
Q

How can anomie cause crime and deviance?

A

LACK of REGULATION: society has failed to control the person’s desires (hedonism), this makes for a poorly developed collective conscience
LACK of INTEGRATION: society has promoted individualism to the extent that the person becomes selfish and egotistic with little care for the well being of others

86
Q

What are Durkheim’s 4 theories of suicide?

A
  1. Fatalistic
  2. Altruistic
  3. Anomie
  4. Egoistic
87
Q

What is the fatalistic theory of suicide?

A

too much regulation/control by society: resulting in negative views about their future (no hope for happiness)

88
Q

What is the Altruistic theory of suicide?

A

too much regulation/control by society: resulting in a belief that their death would improve life for others in their society

89
Q

What is the Anomie theory of suicide?

A

too little integration into society: when forces in society make individuals feel lost or alone, a sense of “normlesness”

90
Q

What is the Egoistic theory of suicide?

A

too little integration into society: a loss of social connections (ex. loss of a loved one) resulting in the belief that they are alone in society and better off dead

91
Q

How is strain theory different from anomie theory?

A

strain theorists (structural functionalists) believe crime and deviance are essential in societies, as opposed to anomie theory that see crime and deviance as dysfunctional

92
Q

Sigmund Freud is a

A

control theorist (psychoanalytic theory)

93
Q

Control theory is

A

the belief that society has failed to control hedonsim

94
Q

What are Freud’s three pieces of personality?

A

ID, Ego, Super ego

95
Q

The ID is

A

pleasure seeking (ex. I want a doughnut!)

96
Q

The EGO is

A

sense of self and reality (ex. how and where do I get a doughnut?)

97
Q

The SUPER EGO is

A

morals, values and beliefs (ex. I shouldn’t get the doughnut because I’m on a diet)

98
Q

Ego defense mechanism: repression

A

involuntary removal

99
Q

Ego defense mechanism: denial

A

voluntary distortion of reality

100
Q

Ego defense mechanism: reaction formation

A

change in attitude or feeling to protect ego

101
Q

Ego defense mechanism: projection

A

attributing your issues on someone else

102
Q

Ego defense mechanism: rationalization

A

explaining away failures and losses

103
Q

Ego defense mechanism: sublimation

A

diverting sexual energies to acceptable targets

104
Q

Ego defense mechanism: regression

A

reverting to earlier/safer stages of development

105
Q

Ego defense mechanism: introjection

A

unquestioningly accepting the values of others

106
Q

Ego defense mechanism: displacement

A

finding a safer target

107
Q

T or F: according to Freud, if someone holds on to their negative feelings until they explode with violence, the root cause of this is found in the oral stage

A

False

108
Q

Which of Freud’s psychosexual stages holds the clue to a deviant’s inability to form trusting relationships?

A

Oral

109
Q

4 factors with probable causal significance to delinquency

A
  1. physique
  2. temperment/emotional expression
  3. intellectual traits
  4. behavioral traits
110
Q

Why do the Gluecks emphasize their view of delinquency to be eclectic?

A

it involved a combination of many fields of study such as psychology, criminology, sociology, biology

111
Q

5 correlates of delinquency

A
  1. broken homes
  2. lack of supervision
  3. lack of affection (parental)
  4. lack of consistent discipline
  5. low family cohesiveness
112
Q

T or F: Durkheim believed if crime was pathological, then the object of punishment should be to cure it

A

True

113
Q

T or F: Durkheim believed that crime consists of an action which offends certain collective feelings which are especially strong and clear cut

A

True

114
Q

What are the 5 techniques of neutralization?

A
  1. the denial of responsibility
  2. the denial of injury
  3. the denial of the victim
  4. the condemnation of the condemners
  5. the appeal to higher loyalties
115
Q

Ectomorph

A

tall skinny

116
Q

mesomorph

A

sporty/athletic

117
Q

endomorph

A

short chubby

Deviance & Social Control (3 decks)

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