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Criminal Justice 200 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tun

A

Rural communities in England; families. Families were close, which slowed down crime.

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2
Q

Tithing

A

Each Tun divided into groups of 10 families; one father runs the tithe

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3
Q

Hundred

A

Group of 10 tithing

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4
Q

Shire

A

Unit of government where hundreds were banded together; modern day counties

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5
Q

Shire Reeve

A

Leader of a shire; enforced the law and eventually became the name sake of the modern day “Sheriff”

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6
Q

Bow Street Runners

A

Circa 1748; the first mobile police; Organized by Henry and Sir John Fielding; they paid individuals to enforce the law, but the runners died off when the two brothers died

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7
Q

Thames River Police

A

Created in 1798 by the West Indian Trading Company in England; these enforced law on the docks, but were paid by a private organization to protect their assets.

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8
Q

London Metropolitan Police

A

Created in 1829 by a parliament member Sir Robert Peele because he saw the impact of the Thames police and the runners; this was the first permanent, public police force. Formed basis for American police

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9
Q

Fragmented System

A

The U.S. runs law enforcement by the federal, state, and local levels

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10
Q

U.S. Enforcement

A

Police authority is limited and based on the notion of local control

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11
Q

Chief August Vollmer

A

Chief in Berkeley, California and was one of the first advocates for police professionalism and college education for police

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12
Q

Wickersham Commission

A

1931; One of the first to report police professionalism

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13
Q

Federal Law Enforcement

A

Nationwide jurisdiction (broken down into smaller districts). All agencies have specific missions.

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14
Q

State Law Enforcement

A

State police and Bureaus of Investigation; highway patrol

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15
Q

Local Law Enforcement

A

Bulk of American law enforcement

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16
Q

Municipal Police

A

City Police

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17
Q

Sheriff’s office

A

County police

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18
Q

Kansas City Patrol experiment

A

Took 3 areas and kept 1 area the same, took one away, and doubled the patrol in the last. The initial result of the experiment said that police presence didn’t change crime, but it was flawed. The patrol units from the doubled patrol area was called to the no patrol area, which kept the number of patrol cars the same in all areas

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19
Q

James Q. Wilson

A

Developed three styles of policing from an administrative standpoint.

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20
Q

Watchmen Style

A

Primary concern is order maintenance- survival; busy answering violence and emergency calls. Wide use of discretion: priorities. Street Justice is used. Mainly in working class communities

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21
Q

Street Justice

A

Enforcing the law in other means than legal enforcement

22
Q

Legalistic Style

A

Vigorous law enforcement: all offences are punished. Citation/misdemeanor arrests: they fine people a lot to build revenue. Often occurs in aftermath of a scandal in watchman-type organizations.

23
Q

Service Style

A

Police view themselves as helpers more than crime fighters. Found in affluent areas

24
Q

Discretion

A

Unique in police service compared to other fields. Not many jobs will allow you to use discretion like you can in the police field, but it also a great factor in influencing corruption

25
Q

Continuum of Compromise

A

This is the path to corruption in a police officer.

  1. Perceived sense of victimization.
  2. Acts of Omission
  3. Acts of Commission: Administrative
  4. Acts of Commission: Criminal
26
Q

Acts of Commission: Administrative

A

Doing something against the policies

27
Q

Acts of Commission: Criminal

A

Doing something that is against the law

28
Q

Knapp Commission

A

Civilian commission to investigate police corruption in 1972 New York City. Found 2 categories of corrupt cops

29
Q

“Meat Eater” cops

A

Officers who seek opportunities to engage in corruption for personal gain

30
Q

“Grass Eater” cops

A

Officers who don’t actively seek to engage in corruption, but accept corruption if the opportunity presents itself.

31
Q

4th Amendment

A

Unreasonable search and seizure, Probable cause, and Warrants

32
Q

4th Amendment: 2 clauses

A

First clause: reasonablist clause; Second: Warrant clause

33
Q

Levels of proof

A

Mere suspicion
Reasonable Suspicion
Probable Cause
Proof beyond reasonable doubt

33
Q

Reasonable Suspicion

A

Knowledge, under the present circumstances and articulate facts in light of a police officer’s training and experience, which indicates criminal activity is present

33
Q

Reasonable Suspicion

A

Knowledge, under the present circumstances and articulate facts in light of a police officer’s training and experience, which indicates criminal activity is present

34
Q

Probable Cause

A

Facts and/or circumstances that would lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that a crime has been committed (or evidence of a crime exists) and that a particular person committed the crime (or evidence is in a particular place)

34
Q

Probable Cause

A

Facts and/or circumstances that would lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe that a crime has been committed (or evidence of a crime exists) and that a particular person committed the crime (or evidence is in a particular place)

35
Q

5th Amendment

A

No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property

35
Q

5th Amendment

A

No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property

39
Q

Deadly Force

A

Force which reasonably can be expected to cause death or serious bodily injury. Intent is to stop not kill.

40
Q

Sixth Amendment

A

Right to Counsel Clause. “In all criminal prosectutions, the accused shall…have the assistance of counsel for his defense.”

41
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

Due Process Clause. “No state shall….deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.”

42
Q

Frank-Pledge System

A

An early form of English Government that divided communities into groups of ten men who were responsible for the group’s conduct and ensured that a member charged with breaking the law appeared in court.

43
Q

Hundred-Men

A

Head of a group of ten men who served as an administrator and judge

44
Q

Constable (comes stabuli)

A

The head of law enforcement for large districts in early Enland. In the Modern U.S., a constable serves areas such as rural townships and is usually elected

45
Q

Watch-and-Ward System

A

An early English system overseen by the constable in which a watchman guarded a city’s or town’s gates at night

46
Q

Hue and Cry

A

In early England, the alarm that citizens were required to raise upon the witness or discovery of a criminal offense

47
Q

Problem-Oriented policing

A

Style of policing that attempts to address underlying social problems that contribute to crime.

48
Q

Authority

A

The right and the power to commit an act or order others to commit an act.

49
Q

Racial Profiling

A

Suspicion of illegal activity based on a person’s race, ethicity, or national origin rather than on actual illegal activity or evidence of illegal activity.

50
Q

Seizure

A

The collecting by police officers of potential evidence in a criminal case.

51
Q

Stop

A

Temporary detention that legally is a seizure of an individual and must be based on reasonable suspicion.

Criminal Justice 200 (1 decks)

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