EXAM 2

Question 1

Flame or plasma cutting must be performed at least ______ to ______ from the area to be examined.

Answer 1

1/4” to 1/2”

Question 2

When a ______________ wheel is used to make the final cut, rough grinding is usually unnecessary.

Answer 2

diamond-tipped

Question 3

A ________________ is a photograph of a microstructure.

Answer 3

photomicrograph

Question 4

The density and shape of ________________ are the primary factors that determine the internal cleanliness of steels and other alloy systems.

Answer 4

iclusions

Question 5

Describe the two most common specimen orientations that are used for metallographic examination.

Answer 5

Longitudinal - parallel to axis

Transverse - perpendicular to axis

Question 6

What is the formation, while cooling from an elevated temperature, of a new strain-free grain structure from an existing grain structure?

Answer 6

Recrystallization

Question 7

__________________ is plastic deformation performed above the recrystallization temperature.

Answer 7

hot working

Question 8

_________________ is an undesirable increase in grain size caused by heating a metal above a certain temperature.

Answer 8

grain growth

Question 9

_____________ is plastic deformation performed below the recrystallization temperature, which leads to work hardening.

Answer 9

cold working

Question 10

Explain the two opposing effects of hot working.

Answer 10

There is a hardening effect which is caused by plastic deformation. And a softening effect which is caused by recrystallization.

Question 11

What is a tiny void in the morphology of a ductile fracture surface?

Answer 11

Ductile dimple

Question 12

When enough force is applied, a _____________ metal deforms plastically by permanently changing its shape to accommodate the stress.

Answer 12

ductile

Question 13

What is the descriptive study of fracture surfaces using photographs, sketches, and text?

Answer 13

fractography

Question 14

____________ cleaning is a cleaning method that uses the flow of electrical current to strip adherent deposits from a fracture surface.

Answer 14

cathodic

Question 15

Describe the three failure zones of a fracture.

Answer 15

Initiation zone-
Propagation zone - growth of a fracture
Final failure zone - failure to the tensile overload

Question 16

Physical identification markings may be _____________ on a product.

Answer 16

Embossed, stamped, stenciled

Question 17

A certificate of _____________ is a statement from the manufacturer or supplier that a part meets the required specifications

Answer 17

Compliance

Question 18

What kind of grinders are most often used for spark testing?

Answer 18

Portable

Question 19

_________________ is a chief problem of spark testing and may lead to a false identification.

Answer 19

Decarburnization

Question 20

Explain the difference between a certificate of heat analysis and a certificate of product analysis.

Answer 20

Specifications given in a certification of product analysis allows a wider range of chemical composition for each chemical element analyzed than in the corresponding specifications given in a certificate of heat analysis. Certification of product analysis provides more reliable identification.

Question 21

A _______________ is a statement of technical and commercial requirements that a product must meet.

Answer 21

Specification

Question 22

A _______________ is a set of instructions for performing one or more operations or functions other than the identification, measurement, or evaluation of a material.

Answer 22

recommended practice

Question 23

The ________________________ is a nongovernmental international organization that is comprised of national standards institutions of 91 countries.

Answer 23

International Organization of Standardization

Question 24

What is a standard or set of applicable regulations that a jurisdictional body has adopted as law?

Answer 24

A code

Question 25

Explain why companies develop their own standards.

Answer 25

Companies’ standards are modified from other standards to meet the needs of the company. These needs can include higher quality control requirements.