Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the common experiences of migrants?
Loss of cultural norms, religious customs, and social support systems; adjustment to a new culture; changes in identity and concept of self.
What is the main difference between immigrants and refugees?
Immigrants choose to leave their home country, while refugees must leave due to safety concerns.
What are the push factors associated with immigration?
Economic, political, social, or environmental factors motivating individuals to leave their home country.
What are the pull factors associated with immigration?
Job opportunities, recruitment, or an appealing environment in the new country.
List Berry’s six stages of a refugee’s ‘career’.
- Pre Departure
- Flight
- First asylum
- Claimant
- Settlement
- Adjustment
What is the flight stage in a refugee’s career characterized by?
Maximum uncertainty regarding destination, safety, and acceptance.
Define acculturation.
Factors that contribute to discrimination/prejudice of immigrants or refugees.
What are Berry’s four unique statuses of acculturation?
- Assimilationist: fully adopted host culture
- Separationist: completely hold onto original mindset
- Marginalist: identify with neither culture
- Integrationist: mix both cultures in daily life
What are the components of prejudice?
- Cognitive: categorization and stereotypes
- Emotional: gut feelings and hatreds
- Behavioral: discrimination
What is the difference between hostile and benevolent sexism?
Hostile sexism holds negative stereotypes of women, while benevolent sexism holds positive stereotypes but still negatively impacts women.
What did Allport propose were the three basic causes of prejudice
Familiarity-based preferences (bias), hostile feelings linked to specific category, and internalized worldview (personality).
What is social identity theory?
People identify with groups they belong to, impacting their self-esteem and perceptions.
What does Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) emphasize?
Belief that the social world is dangerous and maintaining order is vital.
What is Social Dominance Orientation (SDO)?
Belief that powerful groups should dominate weaker ones.
What is the difference between old-fashioned and modern prejudice?
Old-fashioned prejudice is overt, while modern prejudice is more subtle and often motivated by discomfort.
What is the justification-suppression model of prejudice?
Actual expressions of prejudice depend on justification and suppression factors.
What are the four conditions necessary to promote intergroup relations according to Allport?
- Cooperation
- Equal status
- Acquaintance potential
- Institutional support
What is the existential self?
The most basic part of identity that develops during infancy, recognizing oneself as distinct from others.
What is the categorical self?
Understanding differences from others, initially focusing on physical traits.
What is the looking glass self?
Self-judgment based on how others perceive us.
What does self-discrepancy theory involve?
The difference between actual self, ideal self, and ought self, leading to various negative feelings.
What was the main finding of ‘The Doll Study’?
Children associate positive traits with white dolls and negative traits with black dolls, reflecting internalized social beliefs.
What does social-identity theory suggest about identity development?
Self-concept is derived from group membership, influencing perception of successes and failures.
What is intersectionality?
Understanding that individuals possess multiple identities, which can lead to unique experiences of discrimination or privilege.
What are ‘isms’, and how do they affect individuals?
‘Isms’ represent systematic biases and systems of oppression occurring at all levels.
