Exam #2 Flashcards
Study guide
A “chronological record of significant events” and their causes
History
What was the role of Christianity in Salish Communities?
To convert and pacify Native American tribes, including the Salish, through the establishment of missions like St. Mary’s
Who is Father De Smet?
A Roman Catholic priest who built Saint Mary’s Mission
Who are the Black robes?
Catholic Jesuit missionaries
What president ordered the Lewis Clark expedition?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the goals for the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Exploring the newly acquired Louisiana Territory conducting scientific surveys
Initiate convos with local tribes to secure advantage in fur trade
Find a route to the Pacific Ocean (Northern Passage)
Between what tribal nation did Lewis and Clark squirmish with?
Blackfeet
Who made the maps to help Lewis and Clark?
Feather’s Map drawn by Blackfoot Chief
Lewis and Clark described this tribe’s language as a “bur on their tongue.”
Salish
He stated this, “We were now about to penetrate a country at least two thousand miles in width on which the foot of civilized man had never trodden.”
Merriweather Lewis
Who rumored Sacajewa’s supposed death?
Clerk at Fort Lisa
His death at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, where he and all 212 men under his direct command were killed
Custer
From Cheyanne tribe, also known as Shoot woman. Custer fathered a child with her.
Spring Grass
He wrote, “ But from these immense prairies may arise one great advantage to the United States…”
Zebulon Pike
Discovered alternate passage “Bridger Trail”
John Bridger
Ladies’ man, found an easier trail into the southwestern Montana mining fields, maybe murdered by Thomas Cover.
John Bozeman
Belonged to the Shoshone tribe by birth, wife of Charbonneau, mother of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau
Sacajawea
Sioux leader is credited with closing the Bozeman Trail and involved in the period called the Bloody Bozeman.
Red Cloud
He stated, “Yet before the ashes of the council fire are cold, the Great Father is building his forts among us.”
Red Cloud
a shortcut through Native American lands from the Oregon Trail to the Montana goldfields led to 33 travelers killed
Bloody Bozeman, Red Clouds War
What is Bloody Bozeman?
Red Clouds war on the Bozeman Trail
a 500-mile shortcut from the Oregon Trail in Wyoming to the gold fields in Montana
Bozeman Trail
What forts were along the Bozeman trail?
Fort Phil Kearny, Fort Reno, and Fort C.F. Smith
This is not a fort along the Bozeman Trail.
Fort Manuel Lisa
What tribes did Clark and Custer have children with as discussed in the unit?
Flathead and Cheyenne
Gold was found in this area of Sioux territory
The Black Hills
What was the Black Hills Expedition of 1874?
To Establish a Fort
He was given orders to “proceed up the Rosebud.”
General Alfred Terry
He was defeated at the Battle of the Rosebud
Crook
Took place days before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Also known as the “Battle Where the Girl Saved her Brother.”
What is the Battle of the Rosebud?
Custer’s Last Stand, a decisive victory for the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes against the U.S. 7th Cavalry
Battle of the Little Bighorn, The Battle of Greasy Grass
This tribe worked as scouts for Custer
Crow
These are the four Crow Scouts who led Custer to the Battle of Greasy Grass.
White-Man-Runs-Him, Hairy Moccasin, Curley, Goes Ahead
Which crow scout stayed behind and witnessed the Battle of the Greasy Grass?
Curley
Yellowstone Expedition was under his overall command.
He stated that Custer was, “…a coldblooded, untruthful and unprincipled man…”
General David Stanley
He was the military leader holding a defensive position with the cavalry roughly four miles from Custer’s position.
General Marcus Reno
Supposedly the only survivor of Custer’s men
Comanche the horse
What is the Doctrine of Discovery?
a set of papal bulls, provided a religious and legal justification for European colonization and the seizure of land from non-Christian peoples
A legal decree made by a pope
Papal bull
What are the two Papal Bulls related to colonization/Doctrine of Discovery?
“Dum Diversas” (issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452) and
“Inter Caetera” (issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493
“Dum Diversas”
“Until different”
“invade, capture, vanquish, and
subdue, all Saracens and pagans
… to reduce their persons to
perpetual slavery and to take
away all their possessions and
property.”
“Dum Diversas” (issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452)
“Inter Caetera”
“Among the rest”
This is the pope that decreed that Christian explorers could “invade, capture, vanquish, and subdue, all Saracens and pagans…”
Nicholas V
the right to conquer the lands which Columbus already “found,” as well
as the right to conquer those that might be “discovered” in the future.
“Inter Caetera” (issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493
What is Vacuum Domicilium
Empty land… kind of
What was the result of the Oregon Trail?
The First Fort Laramie Treaty
What do treaties do?
“the supreme law of the land” and have the force of federal law
What usually comprises a U.S. treaty with Native nations?
Land boundaries, hunting and fishing rights, and guarantees of peace.
What were the Fort Laramie Treaties of 1851 and 1868?
For establishing peace and defining territories
What is the famous painting depicting the Manifest Destiny?
American Progress” This painting by John Gast depicts early American westernization
This Supreme Court case ruled that “discovery gave title to the government.”
Johnson v. M’Intosh
This Supreme Court case declared Indian tribes as “a distinct political society…”
Cherokee v. Georgia
Cherokee laws are the supreme law of the land (in Cherokee
Nation.)
Worcester v. Georgia
This Supreme Court case was the result of a white man being arrested for residing on the Cherokee reservation
Worcester v. Georgia
This president ordered the removal of the Cherokee from their homeland to Oklahoma
Andrew Jackson
How did this President respond to John Marshall’s decision?
Andrew Jackson,”Marshall has ruled, now let him enforce it.”
This was the purpose of the First Fort Laramie Treaty
Establish peaceful relations
“The aforesaid nations do hereby recognize the right of the United States Government to establish roads, military and other posts, within their respective territories.”
First Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
This treaty abandoned all three forts (Forts Phil Kearny, Reno, and C.F. Smith) and closed the southern end of the Bozeman Trail.
Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
One third of all treaties were considered for this cause.
Establishing peace
A small group of Iroquois introduced Christianity to this tribe.
The Flathead/ Salish
This town in Montana was not an early mining town.
Bozeman
Special provisions for hunting and fishing are examples of this
Treaty rights
This railway was built to go through the Bozeman Pass.
The Northern Pacific
The discovery of this precious metal prompted the westward movement of Americans
Gold
depicts two paths for humanity, one towards technology and the other towards harmony with nature, and is believed by some to represent a prophecy about the future
The “Prophecy Rock,” a petroglyph on the Hopi Reservation
warns of a potential path of destruction and calls for a shift towards compassion, unity, and a harmonious relationship with nature, emphasizing the importance of personal growth and community building.
The Hopi Prophecy, a message from Hopi elders
Cheyenne Culture Hero
predicted the coming of the horse, the white man, and other changes to the Cheyenne people
Sweet Medicine
“Give me 80 men…”
Captain William Fetterman
The Cherokee were forcibly removed from their land
The Trail of Tears 1838
the policy or practice of aquiring full or partial political control over another country
Colonialism
types of contribution to Europe and to America between each other
Colombian Exchange
Largest and most successful revolt against European control in North America
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
Ta-ba-bone
stranger, white man, enemy
Newfoundland dog bought for 20$
Lewis’s dog Seaman
Begining of the reservation system
Indian Apropriation act 1851
Custer’s favorite scout
Bloody Knife of the Iroquois
