Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Simple process of writing down any and all ideas on a specific topic or design challenge
A
Brainstorming
2
Q
is a tool of dissecting something to discover what makes it work
A
Reverse Engineering
3
Q
Brainstorming can be based on?
a. background
b. education.
c. values
d. source of inspiration
e. belief about design
f. none of the above
g. all of the above
A
g. All of the above
4
Q
Has 3 steps - can you name them?
A
reverse engineering
1. go into the world and experience design
2. take stock of your emotional state.
3. identify what is at work to enhance your feelings
5
Q
Go into the world and experience design.
A
Step 1 of reverse engineeering
6
Q
Take stock of your emotional state
A
Step 2 of reverse engineering
7
Q
Identify what is at work to enhance your feelings
A
Step 3 of reverse engineering
8
Q
fundamental attraction human have toward light and lighted spaces
ex. moths to a flame
A
phototropism
9
Q
what are the controllable aspects of light?
A
a. intenisty of light
b. light color
c. light texture
10
Q
Intensity of light
A
bright vs. dark
11
Q
Warm Vs. Cool
A
Light Color
12
Q
Directional Vs. Diffuse
A
Light Texture
13
Q
________ levels translates into an exposed public feeling
_________ levels translate into a calm privacy.
A
Bright light
Dark low
Intensity of light - Bright Vs Dark
14
Q
________ = reveal the color and material in a space, and the mood desired
________ = productive & active
________ = calm, relaxing, inmate
A
cool & warm
Cool
Warm
Light color = Warm vs Cool
15
Q
Lighting can be used in what ways other than lighting up a space?
a. enhance moods
b. wayfinding
c. location/ geography
d. Time of day
e. none of the above
f. all of the above
A
f. all of the above
16
Q
Can you name the 5 layers of the layering approach?
In order
A
Layer 1: choreography
Layer 2: define mood and ambience
Layer 3: create accent and visual interest
Layer 4: reveal architecture and space
layer 5: specific tasks
17
Q
Name the layer
- USe phototropism to lead people from one place to the next
- creates goals that are obviously destinations
- creates visual interest
creat sub-coucious way finding
A
Layer 1: lighting to choreograph an experience
18
Q
is the name of a layer
Lighting to choregraph and experiance
A
Layer 1
19
Q
Name the Layer
- purpose is to alter the emotional state of the viewer
- Use three basic controllable elements (intensity, texture color)
- encourages to articulate specific intent (emotional & psychological association with space) of each designed area.
A
Layer 2: Lighting to define mood and ambience
20
Q
The name of a layer
Lighting to define mood and ambience
A
Layer 2
21
Q
Name the layer
- Most intuitice and readily recognized layer
- emphasized importance of objects
- creating contrast and variety
- utilizing photoropism and controllable aspects of light
A
Layer 3: Lighting to create accent and visual interest
22
Q
Name of a layer
lighting to create accent and visual interest
A
Layer 3
23
Q
Name the layer
- reveal surfaces to define boundaries or to add volume.
- lighting to defining the spatial character
- light to accent architectural details and features
A
Layer 4: lighting to reveal architecture and space
24
Q
Name of a layer
Lighting to reveal architecture and space
A
Layer 4
25
# Name the layer
1.visual comfort for tasks
2. flexibility for different uses
3. consider more than just sheer quantity
4. only think of terms of this layer
Layer 5: Lighting for specific tasks
26
# Name of a layer
lighting for specific tasks
Layer 5
27
surfaace characteristics and appearance inherent to all objects.
Texture
28
light pointed in a specific direction
directional light
29
light spread out over larger area
Diffused light
30
luminare located close to surface being lit, stregthens highlights and shadows. It enhances perception of depth by emphasizing the natural textures and sculptural relief in the surface.
Grazing light
31
**The way a light source distributes light can significantly impact how it illuminates an area or object.**
In what two ways can a light source distribute light?
Duffuse light
Directional
or concentrated light
32
used to create comfortable environments where one can have ling term visual comfort
Diffused light
33
Name 3 pros and 3 cons of diffused light
pros: (1) create comfortable environmnet where we want long term visual comfort,
(2) works well for task environmnet, (3) reduces conctrast that can cause eye strain
Cons: (1) lack of visual interest, (2) can become monotonous, (3) strain on eye to pull out detain in the scene around you (long term effect)
34
Name 2 pros and 3 cons of Directional light
pros: (1) used as an accent light source, (2) creastes visual interest and renders a sense hierarchy to the environment.
Cons: (1) not desirable for task environments, (2) can cause visual strain, (3) can alter perception of texture of materials.
35
what are the controllable aspects of light?
| the shapes of light
shape of light, location of light, controlled aspects of color,
36
create contrast
| shape of light
Pools
37
can harmonize with architecture
| shape of light
Planes
38
serve as source of visual interest
| shape of light
Points
39
Can result in inviting, inpiring and supportive respond
the location and its effect on the space or user
40
what are the 3 steps to consider when locating light sources?
1. identify the activity that will occur in a space
2. determin a degree of stimulation that will reinforce the activity
3. establish the degree of brightness contrast that will yield the necessary level of stimulation.
41
what are 3 elements of light, what are they known as?
1. ambient light/ general
2. focal glow/ task
3. sparkle / decorative
42
where can light come from
| there are 7 places they can come from
1. from ceiling onto walls
2. from ground up
3. from wall upward
4. from wall back to wall
5. from lots and coves; ceiling and walls or even space
6. suspended glowing sources
7. from wall onto floors
43
The designer must be able to ________ lighting effects and should be able to ________ the ideas effectively through architectural drawing.
visualize
communicate
44
texture should be either
revealed or concealed
45
what should be complimented by a light source (cool = cool)
| one word
Color
46
should be complimented with color and light source (light sources need less light since they reflect)
| one word
Intensity
47
what should I review before creating lighting design?
| 5 things
a. Think spatially and see the space as a collection of surface
b. Identify specific objects first and visualize light on them
c. Consider the 5 layers of light when beginning the design
d. Consider controllable spec of light ( intensity, color, texture, shape and origin)
e. Consider the ways you can deliver light to achieve the look
48
visualizing the lighting effect and being able to communicate and describe the lighting desired... are what for a designer
| one word
goals
49
# what are these statements?
a. lighting wall and light an object (createss visusal interst)
b. move light to the perimeter (reflects more light into the space)
c. choreograph halls and corridors (visual interest in wayfinding)
d. up lught overhangs and canopies (feeling of safety, expands space, sense of lightness, dramatic.)
e. slots, coves and light shelves (arch detail)
f. lighting through glass
g. supplemental decorative luminaires
h. directional decroative
Basic Concepts of lighting design
50
glare from a direct source
direct glare
51
# these are reasons for why something matters.
a. Enrgy Savings
b. Occumpant health
c. oroductivity, alertness, accuracy, eye strain, seasonal affectuve disorder, reduce depression, energy relax
d. quality of light (CRI, etc.)
e. connection to outside
f. creatin of dynamic spaces & dynamic lighting evironmnets.
h. LEED, BREEAM, Green Globe
Why **Daylight** matters
52
what are the factors that affect the quality & quantity of daylight?
| there are 8
a. Climate
b. latitude
c. Cloud Cover/ Sky conditions
d. solar obstruction / obstruction factor
e. SUFF in the way of an opening
f. site conditions
g. visible transmittance
h. illuminance
53
What are the 4 types of glare
1. Discomfort glare
2. disability glare
3. indirect glare
4. ceiling reflection
54
What are 5 examples of how to control light as an interior deigner
a. Interior light self
b. photosensors
c. Zoning of electric lighting
d. refelctive colors
e. low and/or translucent partitions
55
a. Provides relatively form uniform light distribution throughout the space
b. must be done with technics that diffuse the light (translucent material - soft even texture)
c. effective high on vertical surfaces - helps impact glow that light up ceilings and wall to translate volume
d. geometry add to give different lighting effects through the year
e. can incorporate overhangs and shelves to shade direct sunlight
| what is this and the techniques?
Side lighting
tinting, frosting, fritting
56
reducing the transmittance of a transparent substrate; variety colors, outside they can be percived as gloomy or dark.
| one word
Tinting
57
reduce the light transmittance with a transparent material or etching
Frosting
58
transparency created with lines etched ot embedded in them; good ________ lines mini - light shelves or louvers; bad __________ act like diffused material
Fritting
59
a. Provides interior light that is different from windows
b. Uniform light distribution
c. Easy integration with electric lighting
d. Roof monitors for daylight and sunlight admission
| key features of what
Top - lighting
60
a. Roof aperture: 4%–8% of the floor area
b. Monitor shape: Admits daylight from the north
c. Photovoltaic collectors: Integrate on south-facing sides
d. Walls: Use matte white reflecting surfaces to improve light distribution
e. Diffusing glass: For better light distribution if views aren’t needed
| these are design tips of what kind of light
Top - lighting
61
what are 4 types of lighting calculations
a. lighting power density method
b. Lumen Method
c. point calcualtion
d. Watt Method (NCIDQ)
62
i.Utilized to determine quick industry standards for wattage allowed
ii. Can be completed by building typology or space by space
iii. Measured in watts per square foot
| type of lighting calculation
lighting power density method
63
i. Used for determining average light levels in large open areas
ii. Measured in foot-candles
| type of lighting calculation
Lumen method
64
i. Utilized for determining light levels at a specific point or on a object or surface
ii. Measured in candela
| type of lighting calculation
Point Calculation Method
65
i. Used to determine total amount of energy used within a space
ii. Measured in Total Watts
| type of lighting calculation
Watt Method (NCIDQ)
66
How well the surface you are considering is receiving light
Coefficient of Utilization CU
67
Accounts for depreciation of lighting system over time Lamp Lumen depreciation
(LLD), lamp dirt depreciation (LOO), ballast factor (BF)
Light Loss Factor LLF
68
is an expression of the intensity of a light source in a specific direction.
Candela
69
Lighting Power Density Method equation and how to calculate the total number of
fixtures required for the space,
**Gross Lighted Interior Area x Lighting Power Density = Watts Allowed**
a. (LPA} = GLIA x LPD = Watts
b. Watts = sf X watts per sf
ii. Total number of fixtures for a space after calculating the power density
1. Total Watts/ (Watts per Lamp x Quantity of Lamps per Fixture)= Total Fixtures
70
Lumen method equation and how to calculate the total number
of fixture
Equation #1
1. llluminance = Lumens / Area
ii. Total number of fixtures for a space after calculating the Lumen Method
1. Total lumens/#of lumens per fixture ( always rund up)
iii. Equation #2 with more accuracy (E=FC)
1. llluminance = (lumens x CU x LLF) / Area so Lumens needed = (lllumInance x
area) I (CU x LLF) or
✓
2. E or FC = (LMS x LLF x CU)/ A (LLF = total lumens)
71
Point Calculation equation
Equation:
1. llluminance = candela value/ distance squared or E = CD/ D2
a. D=distance, CD = Candela value
d. Watts
i. Equation #1
1. Total watts= sum of all fixture watts
ii. Equation #2
1. Total watts per SF = total watts/ total sf of space
72
Measured light flux output from a source in an arbitrary direction, pieces of light
Lumen
73
Light intensity in a specific direction from a source
Candela
74
measurement of electricity
Watt
75
light leaving a surface in a specific direction, assessment of brightness
Luminance
76
light leaving a surface with no specific direction
Exitance
77
lumens of light striking a surface
llluminance
78
TRUE OR FALSE: A Light source has one lumen output value, but can emit different candela values in
every direction
TRUE
79
Discribe lumens/lumen output in the most simplest way
Pieces of light
80
Where do we get light output info from?
a. fixture cut sheets/ diagrams
i. Total lumen output
ii. Candella distribution/ diagram
iii. Watts per fixture
81
These terms are all expressions of Lumens of light interacting in different ways
a. llluminance "onto" a surface
b. Exitance " off of' or "from" a surface
c. Luminance "of' a surface
82
llluminance tells us about _______ and is express in ______ _?
a. Contrasts
b. Footcandles
83
Exitance is simply light ______ with no indication of _______?
a. leaving
b.direction
84
____ ___ is light ______ a surface in a ______ direction.
a.Luminance
b. Leaving
c. Specific
85
Luminance is measured in?
Candelas per square meter
86
Exitance has not unit name but is best visualized as?
Lumens per square foot (leaving)
