EXAM 2 Flashcards
What do frameworks do in policymaking?
Guide inquiry by organizing elements and relationships among elements that may lead to theory development.
What are the stages of the heuristic policymaking framework?
Agenda setting, Formulation, Implementation, Evaluation.
How do the phases of the policymaking process fit together?
They are interconnected and ensure adaptability through feedback.
What is the focus of the formulation phase of policymaking?
Identifying issues, setting the policy agenda, and developing legislative proposals.
What activities are involved in the implementation phase of policymaking?
Designing, rulemaking, operating, and evaluating policies.
What does the modification phase of policymaking address?
Adjustments to policies based on evaluation results and changing conditions.
How do the phases of policymaking interact with one another?
Through feedback loops; issues in implementation or evaluation may lead to modifications or new formulation efforts.
What does the Multiple Streams Theory state regarding the ACA?
The ACA emerged when the problem, policy, and political streams aligned, creating a ‘window of opportunity’ for reform.
What does the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory indicate about the ACA?
The ACA marked a significant policy shift after a prolonged period of stability.
What marks the transition from policy formulation to policy implementation?
Enactment of legislation and establishment of rules to guide implementation.
Which branch is responsible for most federal policy implementation?
Executive branch.
What elements are involved in the implementation phase of policymaking?
Evaluating, designing, operating, and rulemaking.
What happens if the House and Senate fail to reconcile a bill?
The bill effectively dies.
When do decisions in policymaking become final?
Never; there is always the potential to change policies.
What theory or framework most influences the policymaking process model?
Stages heuristic framework.
What is agenda setting?
The process of identifying and prioritizing issues for legislative action.
What are the three streams of activities in agenda-setting?
Problem stream, Policy stream, Political stream.
What nature of problems drives policy formulation?
Public dissatisfaction, crises, pandemics, vaccines, gun reform.
What role does research play in policy formulation?
Provides evidence-based insights into problems and evaluates alternatives.
How do interest groups influence agenda-setting?
Through lobbying, campaign contributions, and public advocacy.
What role do governors or the president play in agenda-setting?
They highlight key issues and propose legislative priorities.
What does the health policy agenda reflect?
Societal needs, political priorities, and stakeholder advocacy.
What is the purpose of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation?
To test and implement innovative payment and delivery models.
What is the greatest difference between public and private sector decision-making?
Sensitivity to politics and the public at large.
