Exam 2

Question 1

Atrial fibrillation (Afib)

Answer 1

Irregular heart rhythm starting in the atria. symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, dizziness can lead to stroke if untreated.

Question 2

Endocarditis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the endocardium. symptoms include fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, new murmur, and stroke signs. treated with antibiotics and rest.

Question 3

Myocarditis

Answer 3

Diffuse inflammation of the myocardium, often viral. symptoms include dyspnea, palpitations, chest pressure, and signs of heart failure. treatment includes HF management and avoiding exercise.

Question 4

Pericarditis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the pericardium. symptoms include sharp chest pain radiating to neck/back, friction rub, dyspnea, fatigue, edema. treat underlying cause and symptoms.

Question 5

Left Sided Heart Failure

Answer 5

Ineffective left ventricular contraction causing pulmonary congestion/edema and decreased cardiac output. fluid backs into left atrium and lungs.

Question 6

Signs of Left Sided HF

Answer 6

Weakness, dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, bibasilar crackles, cyanosis, pulmonary congestion, breathlessness, oliguria.

Question 7

Right Sided Heart Failure

Answer 7

Often caused by left HF, RV infarct, or pulmonary HTN. RV can’t empty, leading to venous congestion and peripheral edema.

Question 8

Signs of Right Sided HF

Answer 8

JVD, hepatomegaly, ascites, peripheral edema, weight gain, weakness, variable BP, decreased cardiac output.

Question 9

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Answer 9

Progressive buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

Question 10

CAD Signs and Symptoms