Exam 2 Flashcards
What standard of proof is required for a stop & frisk?
Mere suspicion
Reasonable, article suspicion
Probable cause
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Reasonable, article suspicion
Which SCOTUS case set the ground rules for stop & frisks?
Miranda v Arizona
Terry v Ohio
Mapp v Ohio
Gideon v Wainwright
Terry v Ohio
What standard of proof is required for the issuance of a search warrant?
Mere suspicion
Reasonable, article suspicion
Probable cause
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probable cause
What standard of proof is required for an arrest without a warrant?
Mere suspicion
Reasonable, article suspicion
Probable cause
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probable cause
What standard of proof is required for an arrest warrant?
Mere suspicion
Reasonable, article suspicion
Probable cause
Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
Probable cause
Which constitutional amendment protects your rights to free speech?
I
IV
V
VI
I
An individual who gives consent to search his car may not withdraw that consent?
True or False
False
Which constitutional amendment requires that government searches be reasonable?
I
IV
V
VI
IV
All searches without a warrant are presumed to be invalid?
True
False
True
Open fields begin where the cartilage ends.
True
False
True
Police subculture refers to the ______.
secret societies police officers often establish
traditions, skills, and attitudes unique to policing
camaraderie of police officers outside of work
tendency for police officers to be arrested for domestic violence
Traditions, skills, and attitudes unique to policing
Which statement is true of the majority of recruits in training academies?
They graduated from college.
They are female.
They are white.
They are over 25.
They are white
A police officer with which level of education would likely have the greatest ability to make judicious decisions?
high school diploma
one year community college
on-the-job training
four-year college degree
Four year college degree
Compared to a college graduate, a non-college graduate police officer is more likely to do which of the following?
pass the lieutenant’s exam
hit another car
be selected for the gang taskforce
go on vacation
Hit another car
What is the purpose of the field training officer (FTO) program?
It allows new officers to transition into police work under the close supervision of a veteran officer.
It creates a support group for officers tasked with training new recruits.
It is a program that teaches veteran officers how to supervise and train new recruits.
It is an expanded ride-along program in which recruits act mostly as observers.
It allows new officers to transition into police work under the close supervision of a veteran officer.
Contrary to the image portrayed in the media, a New York Times study revealed police officers spend more time on ______ than working serious violent crime.
crime scene investigation
community engagement
proactive policing
training new recruit
Proactive policing
What was the purpose of the Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment?
to determine if random patrol had a measurable effect on crime
to determine what patrol officers do while on duty
to measure response times for officer calls for service
to measure citizen approval of patrol officers
to determine if random patrol had a measurable effect on crime
Officers in which style of policing take a harsh view of law violators, make no exceptions in writing citations, and make many arrests?
watchman
preventer
legalistic
service
Legalistic
In 2021, over half of all law enforcement killed in the line of duty had deaths related to ______.
Black Lives Matter protests
officer involved shootings
COVID-19
mask mandates
COVID-19
Which of the following is the greatest source of stress from the criminal justice system?
recidivists
prison overcrowding
courts
plea bargaining
Courts
Bureaucracy, authoritarian management, and lack of input are all part of which category of police stressors?
organizational and administrative practices
the public
the criminal justice system
stressors intrinsic to police work
Organizational and administrative
Domestic violence calls that cause officers to physically confront people are categorized as stressors that are ______.
caused by the public
intrinsic to police work
due to the criminal justice system
based on administrative practices
Intrinsic to police work
Compared to white, male officers, officers who are female or members of a marginalized group have fewer ______.
citizen complaints
community interactions
court appearances
career options
Career options
Which of the following would be considered stress caused by the public?
A police officer does not agree with the strict policies of his department.
A police officer is yelled at by citizens while intervening in a domestic dispute.
A police officer engages in a physical altercation during a felony in progress.
A police officer is pressured to write more tickets.
A police officer is yelled at by citizens while intervening in a domestic dispute.
The type of law that is found in statutes and opinions of appellate courts would be considered ______.
formality
reality
procedural
actus reus
Formality
Who of the following would likely have the most discretion?
a police chief with 25 years of policing experience
a deputy with 15 years of experience
a sheriff with 10 years of experience
a patrol officer with 4 years of experience
A patrol officer with 4 years of experience
During which era of policing did police try to design a customized response for any issue?
political
reform
reactive
problem solving
Problem solving
What does the problem analysis triangle do for officers?
suggests ways to separate people who offend and victims
identifies appropriate solutions to crime
identifies motives of people who offend
suggests areas of crime needing more information
Suggests area of crime needing more information
Which of the following is an example of information on corpus delicti?
a witness
a can of gas
a broken window
fingerprints
A broken window
In which stage of investigation are all investigative efforts directed toward proving one person or one group of people are guilty of a crime?
preliminary investigation
continuing investigation
reconstructing the crime
focusing the investigation
Focusing the investigation
Which of the following questions would be asked as part of an interrogation?
What is your name?
Where do you work?
Why did you do it?
Where do you live?
Why did you do it
Which of the following describes “touch” DNA evidence?
saliva swabbed from inside the mouth
hair extracted from carpet or clothing fibers
traces of blood left at a crime scene
skin cells left on an item or object
Skin cells left on an item or object
Which of the following is an example of a police crime prevention measure?
interviewing witnesses
random neighborhood patrol
death notification
wellness checks
Random neighborhood patrol
Which of the following is true of a cold case?
It can only be solved by DNA.
It still interests the original investigators.
It is more than a year old.
It has no living witnesses.
It is more than a year old
What style of police officer is most likely to break up a group of teenagers smoking on a street corner and give them a lecture about the dangers of smoking and drugs?
watchman
legalistic
service
reactive
Service
Which of the basic tasks of policing would include looking out for a nursing home resident who has gone missing?
enforcing the law
performing welfare tasks
preventing crime
protecting the innocent
Performing welfare tasks
Which of the following was used to measure the effectiveness of the Kansas City Preventative Patrol experiment?
police surveys
prison records
citizen interviews
ticket revenue
Citizen interviews
Which of the following activities is an example of proactive policing?
neighborhood foot patrol
responding to calls for service
interviewing people
making arrests
Neighborhood foot patrol
During which stage of an investigation might an officer bring a person in to take a polygraph test?
preliminary investigation
continuing investigation
reconstructing the crime
focusing the investigation
continuing investigation
Police officers have highly structured work assignments in which they are generally closely supervised.
True
False
False
As a result of the findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment, police agencies realized that eliminating routine patrolling did not result in an increase in crime.
True
False
True
One of the criticisms of police discretion is that it makes it difficult for officers to appear impartial, and it could be a catalyst for corruption.
True
False
True
Since police officers interact with a wide variety of individuals, they have realistic ideas about citizens.
True
False
False
The introductory phase of training for police officers requires recruits to learn agency policies and local laws.
True
False
True
The watchman style of policing casts the officer as a solider.
True
False
False
In early England, the sheriff was responsible for which of the following tasks?
maintaining law and order in the tithings
presiding over court proceedings of civil disputes
collecting taxes and serving as magistrate
conducting preliminary hearings and determining cause of death
maintaining law and order in the tithings
In which of the following area would a sheriff be most likely to be the primary source of crime control?
New York City, NY
Eureka Springs, AR
Los Angeles, CA
Dallas, TX
Dallas, tx
Being ______ was a requirement for becoming a justice of the peace during the political era.
younger than 37
a land owner
100 percent copper
from an original colony
A land owner
The selection process of police officers during the political era encouraged selection based on the candidate’s ______.
education
experience
desire to serve the community
relationship with the alderman
Relationship with the alderman
Why did some police departments in the reform era prohibit officers from residing in neighborhoods where they patrolled?
to isolate officers from potential political influences
to make officers more familiar with the entire municipality
to expand the “rolling fortress” of police protection
to enhance the “thin blue line” of police protection
to isolate officers from potential political influences
Which of the following departments was created as a response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?
Homeland Security
Justice
Interior
Agriculture
Homeland security
Which federal agency is responsible for the investigation of counterfeiting, financial institution fraud, and computer-based attacks on the financial infrastructure of the United States?
Secret Service
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Federal Deposit Insurance Agency
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Secret service
When compared to highway patrol, state police organizations typically perform ______.
tasks that are broader in scope
tasks that are narrowing in scope
more traffic-related tasks
more roadway emergency tasks
tasks that are broader in scope
A special-purpose state agency would be most likely to investigate ______.
criminal cases
highway accidents
civil cases
unlawful alcohol distribution
unlawful alcohol distribution
Agents that are trained to enforce the fish and game laws in a particular state would be considered part of which group?
special-purpose state agency
state department of public safety
state highway patrol
state bureau of investigation
Special purpose state agency
Which of the following describes private security firms hired by a company to provide security services for a fee?
contract services
proprietary services
security guards
security consultants
Contract services
Which of the following is true of private security personnel?
They are not bound by Miranda provisions regarding people’s rights as sworn police officers.
They have the same arrest authority as sworn police officers.
They attend the same academies and have the same training as sworn police officers.
They are not bound by use of force policies like sworn police officers.
They are not bound by Miranda provisions regarding people’s rights as sworn police officers.
Which of the following is true about private security and private police personnel?
Private security officers are less likely to use excessive force than public police officers.
Private security officers are not legally allowed to carry firearms while on duty.
Private security officers often receive little training compared to public police officers.
Private security officers undergo extensive criminal background checks.
Private security officers often receive little training compared to public police officers.
Which of the following agencies would be responsible for investigating a collision between a car and a tractor trailer on the highway?
State Bureau of Investigation
municipal police department
sheriff’s department
State Highway Patrol
State highway patrol
In which of these cases could a private citizen initiate a citizen’s arrest?
A man suspects his neighbor has been selling drugs.
A man tackles a thief who snatched a woman’s purse.
A man learns he has been the victim of a fraud.
A man’s car is rear ended.
A man tackles a thief who snatched a woman’s purse.
Which of the following is most likely to be an outcome of a coroner’s inquest?
The victim precipitated the crime.
The defendant will be granted bail.
The cause of death was homicide.
The defense attorney will recuse himself.
The cause of death was homicide.
The community era of policing implemented research findings that found traditional methods of policing were ineffective, such as reducing response times and increased calls for service.
True
False
True
Among the duties of the U.S. Secret Service is to investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, such as financial institution fraud, computer fraud, and identify theft.
True
False
True
State public safety agencies tend to perform general police functions such as highway patrol, traffic control, and crash investigations.
True
False
False
A retail store hires several individuals to be part of their security department. This is an example of proprietary private police security.
True
False
False
When compared with municipal police departments, members serving as part of the sheriff’s department are more likely to wear body armor.
True
False
False
