Exam 2

Question 1

Fat/Obese Distension

Answer 1

Rolls of adipose tisue along both sides, skin is not taut

Question 2

Fluid distension

Answer 2

flanks protrude, when client turns to one side the protrusion moves to the dependent side

Question 3

Flatus Distension

Answer 3

protrusion mainly midline and there is no change in the flanks

Question 4

Hernias

Answer 4

protrusions through the abdominal muscle wall are visible, especially when client flexes abdominal muscles

Question 5

Blumberg’s Sign

Answer 5

Indication of irritation or inflammation in the abdominal cavity (Cholecystitis)
Pain after release of pressure on abdomen

Question 6

Tympanic sounds + Distension?

Answer 6

often suggests excessive gas accummulation in the GI tract

Question 7

Considerations for enlarged spleen?

Answer 7

• Roll patient on right side
• STOP PALPATION
• Monitor for fever, Tachycardia, or hypotension
• AVOID CONTACT SPORTS

Question 8

Borborgymi

Answer 8

abnormally loud growling sounds indicating increased GI motility

Question 9

Pyrosis

Answer 9

heartburn

Question 10

Oliguria

Answer 10

decreased output of urine

Question 11

Anuria

Answer 11

complete absence of urine production

Question 12

Polyuria

Answer 12

excessive urine output

Question 13

Dysuria

Answer 13

painful or burning urination

Question 14

Diuresis

Answer 14

increased production of urine by the kidneys

Question 15

Assess fluid status?

Answer 15

• Turgor
• I/O
• Mucosal membranes

Question 16

Chovstek’s sign

Answer 16

tapping on a person’s cheeck right in front of the ear elicits a twitch of the facial muscles due to hypocalcemia (low Ca in the blood)

Question 17

Order of assessment of Lymph Nodes

Answer 17

• Preauricular
• Postauricular
• Occipital
• Tonsillar
• Submandibular
• Mental
• Anterior cervical
• Posterior Cervical
• Supraclavicular
• Infraclavicular

Question 18

Cataract findings?

Answer 18

blurry/cloudy vision, difficulty seeing at night, light sensitivity

Question 19

Glaucoma findings?

Answer 19

blurred vision, seeing halos around lights, n/v

Question 20

retinal detachment findings?

Answer 20

seeing floaters, flashes of light, shadow or curtain in field of vision

Question 21

AMD findings?

Answer 21

blurred vision, difficulty distinguishing colors, difficulty reading or recognizing faces

Question 22

PERRLA?

Answer 22

• Pupils clear
• Equal (3-7mm)
• Round
• Reactive to light (direct and consensual)
• Accommodation

Question 23

Anisocoria

Answer 23

unequal pupil size

Question 24

Miosis

Answer 24

constricted and fixed pupils

Question 25

Mydriasis

Answer 25

dilated and fixed pupils

Question 26

Nystagmus

Answer 26

tremor-like movement of the eye

Question 27

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 27

condition where someone experiences blindness in the same half of the visual field in both eyes

Question 28

Vertigo

Answer 28

sensation of spinning or whirling often describesd as dizziness

Question 29

Syncope

Answer 29

temporary loss of consciousness caused by sudden decrease in blood flow to the brain

Question 30

near-syncope

Answer 30

feeling of impending loss of consciousness without actually fainting

Question 31

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 31

mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear (i.e. impaction of cerumen)

Question 32

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 32

pathology of the inner ear, CN8, or auditory areas of the cerebral cortex. Can occur bc of ototoxic drugs (abx)

Question 33

Otoscope technique for adults

Answer 33

pull pinna up and back

Question 34

Otoscope technique for infants and kids < 3

Answer 34

Pull pinna down

Question 35

Whisper Test

Answer 35

Whisper 2 syllable phrases behind patient while they tap on the opposite tragus

Question 36

Rinne Test

Answer 36

* Strike tuning fork and place on mastoid (behind ear) once patient can no longer hear the sound behind the ear (BC), put it to their ear to test AC * Normal AC > BC * Abnormal AC < BC or AC = BC

Question 37

Weber Test

Answer 37

Strike tuning fork and place it on forehead or top of head of client. Client should hear equally on both sides

Question 38

Abnormal findings for enlarged Thyroid

Answer 38

Goiter (hyperthyroidism), thyroid deviated from midline, tracheal shift, presence of nodules | if enlarged, auscultate for bruit!!

Question 39

Wharton's Gland

Answer 39

runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum. Contains submandibular gland

Question 40

Stensen's Gland

Answer 40

Runs forward to open on buccal mucosa opposite second molar. Contains parotid gland

Question 41

Abnormal findings of the tongue

Answer 41

Geographic tongue, fissures, macroglossia, ankyloglossia (short frenulum), smooth glossy tongue, carcinoma

Question 42

Vitamin B12 insufficiency?

Answer 42

Manifests as sores, red/swollen tongue, mouth ulcers, and burning sensation/changes in taste

Question 43

Oral fungal infection?

Answer 43

Candida albicans!! White/yellow patches on the tongue redness/swelling of the tongue

Question 44

Stroke vs. Bell's Palsy

Answer 44

Stroke: Lesion in the brain causing facial drooping (forehead wrinkles!!) Bell's Palsy: Paralysis at a point in the nerve or spinal cord outside of the brain. (forhead does not wrinkle!!)