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Environmental Science 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Polarity of water

A

Hydrogen = positive
Oxygen = negative

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2
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Positive and negative poles form weak bonds

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3
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Chemical bond when electrons are shared between two atoms

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4
Q

Cohesion

A

Stick together due to hydrogen bond

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5
Q

Adhesion

A

Allows water to stick to other things

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6
Q

High specific Heat capacity

A

Amount of energy required to heat and cool water

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7
Q

Universal solvent

A

Water can dissolve almost any substance

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8
Q

Density

A

Cold water more dense than warm
Ice less dense than liquid

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9
Q

Electronegativity

A

Slight charge due to water being polar

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10
Q

Calcium

A

Bones and shells

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11
Q

Potassium

A

Muscle contraction

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12
Q

Bicarbonate buffering

A

Balances acid and base in ocean due to dissolved carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Maintains pH of ocean

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14
Q

Salinity

A

Complex mixture of sodium chloride and micronutrients

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15
Q

Euphotic zone

A

Surface water
Light

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16
Q

Pycnocline

A

Rapid change in density

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17
Q

Aphotic zone

A

Deep ocean
No light

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18
Q

Upwelling

A

Deep water rising to surface

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19
Q

Downwelling

A

Surface water pushed down

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20
Q

Ocean gyre

A

Large system of rotating ocean currents

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21
Q

Surface currents

A

Result of Coriolis Effect

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22
Q

Deep ocean conveyer

A

Global system of ocean currents driven by differences in temperature and salinity

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23
Q

North Atlantic deep water

A

Cold, dense, and salty water mass formed in high latitudes of North Atlantic

24
Q

Estuaries

A

Where fresh water meets saltwater

25
Q

Brackish water

A

Water with salinity between fresh and marine levels

26
Q

Euryhaline

A

Organisms ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity

27
Q

Mangrove

A

Coastal Forest

28
Q

Pneumatophores

A

Specialized aerial root system that allows for oxygen access in waterlogged soil

29
Q

Kelp Forest

A

Dense underwater ecosystem made of large brown algae

30
Q

Giant brown algae

A

Large seaweed that thrive in cool shallow water

31
Q

Coral reefs

A

Collective structure of hard coral

32
Q

Coral polyps

A

Cylindrical invertebrates that are the basis of coral reefs

33
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Single called organism
Provides color and protection for coral

34
Q

Deep sea

A

Abyssal zone and below

35
Q

Bioluminescence

A

Biochemical emission of light by living organisms

36
Q

Hydrothermal vents

A

Fixtures on ocean floor that emit geothermal heated water

37
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

Conversion of inorganic molecules to organic matter using chemical energy

38
Q

Extremophile bacteria

A

Bacteria able to live in extreme environments

39
Q

Freshwater

A

All non-salty water

40
Q

Salt water

A

Unable to be used by humans for anything

41
Q

Groundwater

A

Water present under surface

42
Q

Unconfined aquifer

A

No upper layer
Subjected to pollution via infiltration

43
Q

Artesian aquifer

A

Impervious rock layers above and below
Very clean water
Slow recharge time

44
Q

Overdraft

A

When more water is withdrawn than replenished

45
Q

Saltwater intrusion

A

Drained aquifer is filled with saltwater instead of freshwater

46
Q

Surface water

A

Readily available supplies of water
Ex. rivers and lakes

47
Q

Non-consumptive

A

Uses of water that enable it to return to source

48
Q

Consumptive

A

Water unable to return to source

49
Q

Agricultural and Domestic Uses of Water

A

Always consumptive

50
Q

Industrial uses of water

A

Can be both consumptive and non-consumptive

51
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing organism
Ex. Salmonella and Giardia

52
Q

Toxin

A

Harmful chemical used to kill organisms
Ex. Pesticides and human pharmaceuticals

53
Q

Sediment

A

Tiny particles of rock and sand

54
Q

Turbidity

A

Density of suspended particles in water
Degree of cloudiness

55
Q

Eutrophication

A

Body of water receives too many nutrients
Can cause dead zones
Ex. Nitrogen and phosphorus

Environmental Science 101 (2 decks)

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