Exam 2 Flashcards
Viscosity
Resistance to flow
The more viscous something is, the less it flows
Three Viscosity determiners
-Silica content
-Water content
-Temp
Most explosive type of lava
-Rhyolite
This type is felsic, aka has more silica and more viscous
explodes at lower temps
Most common lava type
Basaltic
Sed. Rock Cycle
1.Weathering
2.Erosion
3.Transportation
4.Deposition
5.Burial
6.Diagenesis
Clastic Sed. Rocks
Accumulations of clastic particles from pre-existing rock
Chemical Sed. Rocks
Form from saturation of water
*Water evaporates and leaves minerals behind
Biochem Sed. Rocks
Formed from organic materials
Limestone, coal, chert
Water flow in relation to particle size
The faster the flow the larger the grain size will move
Slow moving waters drop the larger particles first
Three types of sedimentary environments
-Continential
-Shoreline
-Marine
Factors controlling weathering
1.Parent Rock (compisition)
2.climate
3.Presence of overlapping soil
4.Exposure
Factors that cause mass wasting
1.Slope materials
2.Water Content
3.Slope Steepness and stability
Two Types of Slope Material
-Unconsolidated
Non-rock
-Consolidated
Rock
Cinder Cone
Volcanic Dome
Cross-Bedding
-Comon in sandy ares
-Intersect one plain at an angle
Two Types of Lithification
-Cementation
-Compaction
Cementation
Chemical
Processes of water getting into pore spaces and percepitating
Compaction
Physical
Decrease of volume and persosity
Confining Pressure
Pressure is equal in all directions
Directed Pressure
Pressure is stronger in one direction
Convergent boundaries
Grade of metamorphic rock is determined by…
Pressure and Temp
How does directed pressure affect new mineral growth
The directed pressure pushes on the existing minerals. This pressure causes the new minerals to grow up and down (perpendicular) instead of flat.
Wave-like pattern
Hydrothermal Fluids
Alter mineralogy
Common in divergent boundaries
Metamorphism that occurs at convergent boundaries
High T and P
Direct Pressure
Regional Metamorphism
Ultra high-pressure metamorphism
-Related to subduction
Geothermal Gradient
The increase of temprature with depth
-A thinner, or newer plate will have a higher graident
Order of Grade (lowest to highest)
1.Slate
2.Phylitie
3.Schist
4.Gneiss
Why do some Metamorphic rocks lack foliation
They lack foliation either because their protolith lacks the platy minerals, the protolith is stable mineral wise, or they were not exposed to directed pressure.
Isogrades
The minerals around certain metamorphic rocks determine the line between each type
