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NuFS 377 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food secure household?

A

No income-related problems of food access.

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2
Q

Define food insecure households.

A

Uncertain/inadequate/insecure access to food due to financial constraints.

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3
Q

What is a determinant of health and a marker of material deprivation?

A

Food insecurity.

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4
Q

What percentage of households in Canada face food insecurity?

A

Almost a quarter.

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5
Q

What are the primary risk factors for food insecurity?

A
  • Inadequate employment income
  • Reliance on social assistance
  • Having children
  • Being a renter
  • Belonging to Black or Indigenous households.
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6
Q

How does food insecurity affect academic achievement?

A

It leads to lower academic achievement due to impaired concentration and attendance.

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7
Q

What are the implications of food insecurity on nutrition?

A

Poor nutrition, experiencing hunger, lower fruit/vegetable intake, and inadequate micronutrient intake.

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8
Q

List the mental health outcomes associated with food insecurity.

A
  • Anxiety
  • Distress
  • Depression.
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9
Q

What is a proposed solution to food insecurity?

A

Implement income-based policies to improve financial circumstances of low-income households.

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10
Q

What is the relationship between minimum wage and food security?

A

Minimum wage should be a livable wage, sufficient for food, shelter, utilities, transportation, and childcare.

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11
Q

What does marginal food insecurity refer to?

A

Worrying about running out of food and having limited selection due to lack of money.

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12
Q

Define moderate food insecurity.

A

Compromising quality/quantity of food to make it last due to lack of funds.

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13
Q

What is severe food insecurity?

A

Reducing food intake or skipping meals due to lack of money.

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14
Q

Which groups are at higher risk for food insecurity?

A
  • Low-income households
  • Renters
  • Single parent households
  • Racialized households.
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15
Q

What is the impact of food insecurity on dietary habits?

A

Increased intake of processed foods and compromised diet quality.

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16
Q

What is the role of food banks in addressing food insecurity?

A

Provide temporary hunger relief but are not a substitute for adequate income support.

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17
Q

What are some limitations of food banks?

A
  • Quantity limits on food provided
  • Quality concerns
  • Accessibility issues
  • Dignity concerns.
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18
Q

What is food waste?

A

All edible food mass that is grown, harvested, processed, manufactured, or prepared but never eaten.

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19
Q

What are the causes of food waste at the consumer level?

A
  • Overstocking
  • Expiration dates
  • Selective customer preferences
  • Oversized portions.
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20
Q

What are the causes of food waste at the production level?

A

unharvested/spoiled crops, over production, spoiled/damaged product

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21
Q

what is food loss vs. food waste

A

*food loss = production + processing/distribution level
*food waste = retailer + customer level

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22
Q

what is a gleaner

A

people that collect extra food and distribute it to those in need/will use it

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23
Q

How does food waste impact the environment?

A

Overuse of natural resources and contribution to greenhouse gases.

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24
Q

What is the goal of food rescue organizations?

A

To ensure all good food gets to people who need it and no good food ends up in landfills.

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25
What is systemic anti-Black racism's impact on food insecurity?
Black individuals are twice as likely to experience food insecurity compared to others.
26
What is the Leftovers Foundation's primary focus?
To rescue food that would otherwise be wasted and distribute it to those in need.
27
What percentage of food thrown away in Alberta's ICI sector is edible?
Approximately 30%.
28
What is household food insecurity?
The inadequate or insecure access to food due to financial constraints ## Footnote It is a significant issue affecting many households.
29
How is household food insecurity measured?
Through the Household Food Insecurity Module included in the CCHS + CIS ## Footnote CIS excludes indigenous peoples living on reserve.
30
What are the different levels of food insecurity?
* Food security * Marginal Food Insecurity * Moderate Food Insecurity * Severe Food Insecurity
31
Define food security
no income related problems accessing food
32
define marginal FI
worry about running out, limited selection due to no money to buy more
33
define moderate FI
compromising quality/quantity to make it last longer due to no money to buy more
34
define severe FI
reducing intake due to no money to buy more
35
How is food insecurity different from hunger?
Hunger = physical sensation of discomfort/pain; Food insecurity = lack of access to enough safe, nutritious, culturally acceptable food ## Footnote Food insecurity results from economic and social conditions.
36
What are the 5 key position points regarding household food insecurity?
* Results from not having enough money to buy food * Significant public health issue with profound impacts * Disproportionately affects racialized households + Indigenous * Can be addressed through progressive economic policies * Cannot be solved through food charity or community programs
37
What coping strategies do households experiencing food insecurity use?
Delay bill payments, cancel services, alter food budget and procurement ## Footnote Parents often prioritize ensuring their children have eaten.
38
Is low income the only risk factor for food insecurity in Indigenous households?
No, additional factors include government policies, reduced availability of traditional foods, and lack of access to grocery stores.
39
What influence does food insecurity have on mental and physical health?
Higher likelihood of premature death, chronic diseases, poor mental health, and increased healthcare system usage.
40
What is the importance of food insecurity surveillance?
Helps understand effective interventions and evaluate economic policy impacts ## Footnote Regular monitoring is vital for data collection and analysis.
41
What is the Inuit Nunangat region?
Northwestern part of the NWT, parts of Labrador, northern Quebec, and Nunavut ## Footnote Food insecurity is most prevalent among Inuit people living there.
42
What can be done to reduce food insecurity in Canada?
Focus on policy interventions that reduce food insecurity ## Footnote Policies were mentioned in lectures, including minimum wage and social assistance.
43
What are public old-age pensions?
Programs that provide a reliable income, higher than social assistance, indexed to inflation ## Footnote They help reduce food insecurity rates among reliant households.
44
What is the Canada Child Benefit?
A federal income supplement for households with children under 18 ## Footnote It significantly reduced severe food insecurity among low-income families.
45
How does a $1 increase in minimum wage affect food insecurity?
It results in a 5% drop in odds of food insecurity ## Footnote Majority of food-insecure households are in the workforce.
46
What are Good Samaritan laws?
They absolve corporate donors of liability for the safety of donated food ## Footnote Several provinces implement tax credits for local producers donating food.
47
What is the status of food banks in addressing food insecurity?
There has been no meaningful progress in reducing food insecurity despite a massive network of food providers.
48
What is material deprivation?
Not having enough money for essential needs like housing, clothing, and transportation ## Footnote Food insecurity is a marker of broader experiences of deprivation.
49
Do food-based interventions effectively address material deprivation?
No, they provide temporary relief and do not address the core problem of income.
50
What types of health problems are associated with food insecurity?
* Mood/anxiety disorders * Depression * Infectious diseases * Chronic pain * Poor oral health * Greater risk of injury
51
What atypical causes of premature death are more prevalent among food-insecure adults?
* Infectious parasitic diseases * Injuries * Suicides
52
How does home ownership affect food insecurity among Black and White Canadians?
Homeownership does not provide equal protection; Black homeowners have the same probability of food insecurity as White renters.
53
Why does the risk of food insecurity decrease among low-income Canadians when they turn 65?
Public pension programs effectively protect seniors from food insecurity, reducing rates significantly.
54
What is the impact of public pension programs on food insecurity among Canadian seniors?
Public pension programs (Old Age Security + Guaranteed Income Supplement) significantly reduce food insecurity among Canadian seniors, dropping it by over half. ## Footnote This indicates that these programs are effective in providing financial support to low-income seniors.
55
Are Black households more or less likely to experience food insecurity compared to White households among senior citizens?
Black households reliant on senior income are more likely to be food insecure than White households. ## Footnote This is due to fewer material assets and greater historical economic disadvantages.
56
What is the likelihood of food insecurity in Black households compared to White households before adjusting for socioeconomic factors?
Before adjusting, Black households are 3.5 times more likely to experience food insecurity compared to White households. ## Footnote This statistic highlights the significant disparity before accounting for socioeconomic risk factors.
57
What is the likelihood of food insecurity in Black households compared to White households after adjusting for socioeconomic factors?
After adjusting, Black households are 1.9 times more likely to experience food insecurity. ## Footnote This indicates that while socioeconomic factors play a role, they do not fully explain the racial disparities.
58
What role does systemic racism play in food insecurity among Black households?
Systemic racism in employment, wages, and housing contributes to food insecurity, along with homeownership and wealth disparities. ## Footnote This suggests that food insecurity is a broader issue of systemic inequality.
59
Do social determinants of health fully explain the higher rates of food insecurity in Black households?
No, social determinants of health do not fully explain the higher rates of food insecurity in Black households. ## Footnote Structural racism in various systems is a significant factor.
60
Does the social safety net effectively protect Black households from food insecurity?
No, the social safety net does not protect Black households from food insecurity as effectively as it does for White households. ## Footnote This is due to systemic racism in program administration and lower approval rates for assistance.
61
What are some examples of systemic barriers faced by Black households in accessing social assistance?
* Lower approval rates for disability benefits * Racial bias against applications * Fewer private retirement savings due to lifetime disadvantages ## Footnote These barriers contribute to higher food insecurity among Black seniors.
62
What is Paul Taylor's criticism regarding food charities and government programs in relation to food insecurity?
Paul Taylor criticizes the narrative that food charities and government programs effectively solve food insecurity, arguing they do not address the root cause: poverty and inadequate income. ## Footnote He advocates for real policy solutions like increased minimum wage and social assistance.
63
What is the only proven solution to food insecurity, according to Paul Taylor?
The only proven solution is income support through increased minimum wage, welfare rates, and child benefits. ## Footnote This emphasizes the need for systemic change rather than temporary relief.

NuFS 377 (3 decks)

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