Exam 2 Flashcards
Dealing with anxiety by reaching out to others (taking a bad thing and turning it positive)
Altruism
Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable
Compensation
Responding to stress through the unconscious development of physical manifestations not caused by a physical illness
conversion
the transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral
displacement
a disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment that results in compartmentalization of uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself
dissociation
an attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires
identification
an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis
intellectualization
integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one’s own ego structure
introjection
separating a thought or memory from the feeling, tone, or emotion associated with it
isolation
attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person
projection
attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors
rationalization
preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors
reaction formation
retreating in response to stress to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning
regression
involuntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
repression
demonstrating an inability to reconcile negative and positive attributes of self or others into a cohesive image
splitting
rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive
sublimation
the voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness
suppression
symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable
undoing
Med:
-Anxiolytic
-Short term use for GAD and panic disorder
-PRN fast acting
-Antidote = IV flumanezil
- suffix –pam or –lam
benzodiazepine
Med:
-Anxiolytic
-Long term management of GAD
-Regular schedule, not PRN, non-habit forming
-Initial response = 1 week, full effect = 4 weeks
Atypical anxiolytic
What is an example of an atypical anxiolytic?
Buspirone (BuSpar)
Med:
-Antidepressant
-Less SEs, more calming effects
-Watch for Serotonin syndrome
-Increased risk of suicidality in peds
-Full effects = 4 weeks
- suffix = –pram or –ine
SSRIs
What are examples of SSRIs?
-Lexapro
-Fluoxetine (Prozac)
-Sertraline (Zoloft)
-Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
-Citalopram (Celexa)
Med:
-Antidepressant
-Panic disorder and GAD
-Watch for Serotonin Syndrome
-Full effects = 4 weeks
SNRIs
What are examples of SNRIs?
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Med:
-Antidepressant
-Not typically used and fatal if OD
-SEs of sedation, ortho hypo, anticholinergic effects, sweating, seizures, arrhythymias
-Suffix = – ine
TCAs
What are examples of TCAs?
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Clomipramine (Anafranil)
-Imipramine (Tofranil)
Med:
-Antidepressant
-Panic and social anxiety disorder
-Only used if other meds fail; dietary and substance abuse issues
-Avoid foods high in tyramine
-SEs = hypertensive crisis, anxiety, agitation, ortho hypo
MAOI
What is a “non-addictive” alternative to benzodiazepines (fast-acting)
Antihistamines (hydroxyzine hydrochloride/pamoate)
Med:
-Used for tremors, palpitations in test/performance anxiety “stage fright”
-Decreases hyperarousal in PTSD
Beta blockers
Alpha 2 Receptor Agonist
Med:
-Anxiolytic
-Not first line, used for anxiety
-Considered a controlled substance
Anticonvulsant
What is an example of an anticonvulsant?
pregabalin (Lyrica)
Med:
-Anxiolytic
-Not first line and not approved by FDA
-Used for GAD
Atypical antidepressant
mirtazapine (Remeron)
What are the 3 stages of GAS (general adaptation system)?
1) Alarm – fight or flight
2) Adapt
3) Exhaustion
What is it called when a therapist uses painless sensors on skin to monitor AND - therapist and client identify techniques to decrease stress
Biofeedback
An emotional response
-a diffuse, vague apprehension that is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness, may cause dread r/t anticipation of danger
Anxiety
A cognitive response:
-Involves the intellectual appraisal of the threatening stimulus
Fear
What level of anxiety:
A student getting ready for an exam, heightened senses, jitters, excitable
Mild anxiety
What level of anxiety:
Problem solving ability decreases, learning decreases, person may not hear questions being asked, may need someone to repeat what is being said so they can participate in the group activity
-Tension, pounding heart, increased HR and RR, diaphoresis
***STILL HAVE ABILITY TO REGAIN CONTROL
Moderate
What level of anxiety:
Problem solving and learning are not possible
-Person may be dazed or confused
-May experience a sense of doom
-Physical sx –> chest pain, HA, SOB
Severe
What level of anxiety:
-Inability to process environmental stimuli
-Person may become impulsive
-Erratic behaviors
-May lose touch with reality
-Runs across the street w/o looking both ways
**SAFETY IS A HIGE RISK
panic
What phobia:
Extreme fear of certain places – being outside, riding a bus, feeling they can escape
Agoraphobia
What phobia:
Fear of needles, pins, and sharp objects (medical setting)
trypanophobia
What is the tx for hoarding disorder?
1) Cognitive behavioral therapy
2) SSRIs
3) Psychoeducation
***SLOW PROCESS
What is the criteria for Acute Stress Disorder?
At least 9 sx from 5 categories (intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, arousal) for at least 3 days but no longer than a month
Exposure to traumatic events that cause anxiety, detachment, and other manifestations about the traumatic event for longer than 1 month & can last for years
PTSD
What are sx of PTSD?
-Intrusion (flashbacks)
-Guilt “survivors guilt”
-Recurring dreams
-Avoidance of people
-Inability to feel positive emotions
-Negative mood
-Persistent arousal
What is the first line tx of PTSD?
SSRIs
What disorders is PTSD a risk factor for?
Anxiety
Depression
Substance abuse
Dissociative disorders
What trauma/stress-related disorder:
temproary change in awareness characterized by feeling they are observing one’s own personality or body from a distance
depersonalization/derealization disorder
What trauma/stress-related disorder:
inability to recall personal information r/t traumatic or stressful events, common with trauma victims
Dissociative amnesia
What trauma/stress-related disorder:
type of dissociative amnesia where a person travels to a new area and does not know self or parts of their past
dissociative fugue
What trauma/stress-related disorder:
personality switches to protect their primary self, at least 2, will have memory gaps
dissociative identity disorder
What is “flooding”?
a rapid type of desensitization, floods person with painful memories
