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Diagnostic Medicine > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

normal WBC values

A

4,500-11,000

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2
Q

critical WBC values

A

< 2,000
> 40,000

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3
Q

this test measures the % of each type of leukocyte

A

differential count

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4
Q

what does leukocytosis and neutrophilia suggest?

A

SEPTIC BILLS
severe bacterial infection
exercise
post-splenectomy
trauma
inflammation
corticosteroids
burns
infarction
leukemia
loss of blood
smoking/ surgery

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5
Q

a left shift refers to what?

A

an increase in immature/ band neutrophils

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6
Q

this test measure the real risk of infection

A

absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
WBC x % neutrophils + bands
< 1,000 indicates immunosuppression

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7
Q

when are RBC values increased?

A

OSA
polycythemia

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8
Q

this is the first measure to drop with hemodilution due to fluid overload

A

hematocrit

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9
Q

what increases hemoglobin values?

A

hemoconcentration: dehydration, burns, vomiting

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10
Q

MCV measures what?

A

average size of RBCs

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11
Q

RDW measures what?

A

average size of variation of RBCs

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12
Q

MCH measures what?

A

average amount of Hb per RBC

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13
Q

MCHC measures what?

A

concentration of Hb in given volume of RBCs

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14
Q

this contains all blood components and degrades quickly

A

whole blood

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15
Q

this retains characteristics of whole blood except 250 mL of platelet-rich plasma

A

packed RBCs

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16
Q

this is RBC or platelet products

A

washed blood products

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17
Q

this type of blood has WBCs and platelet fragments filtered out

A

leuko-reduced blood products

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18
Q

this type of blood has uncoagulated plasma separated from RBCs and is used for blood loss, coagulation deficiencies, and warfarin reversal

A

FFP

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19
Q

this type of blood is frozen and used for hemophilia A and fibrinogen def

A

cryoprecipitate

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20
Q

Na+ normal value and critical value

A

135-145
critical: < 120

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21
Q

K+ normal and critical values

A

3.5-5.5
critical: < 2.5 and > 6.5

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22
Q

Cl- critical value

A

< 75 and > 126

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23
Q

BUN critical value

A

> 80

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24
Q

Cr normal value

A

0.6-1.2

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25
Ca2+ critical value
12+
26
bilirubin normal and critical values
0.2- 1 > 12 adults and >15 infants
27
AST normal
10-30
28
ALT normal
10-40
29
this CMP test detects mets in liver, liver disease and bone disease
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
30
this CMP test detects hepatocellular disease and is elevated 8 hrs after injury
aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
31
this CMP test measures hepatobiliary disease and is more specific to the liver
alanine transaminase (ALT)
32
what does CK measure?
myocardial injury one of 1st to rise reinfarction vs prior bc returns to baseline in 2-3 days
33
name the types of CK
CK-MB- cardiac CK-MM- skeletal muscle CK-BB- brain and lungs
34
this is the first to rise after MI in 2-3 hrs
myoglobin
35
this is the gold standard for measuring myocardial injury
troponins- specific for cardiac muscle
36
name 2 biomarkers for cardiac ischemia
ischemia- modified albumin (IMA) heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HTFABP)
37
name 2 biomarkers for hemodynamic stress
ANP- released from atria BNP- released from ventricles
38
this biomarker helps differentiate HF from other causes of dyspnea
NT- pro-BNP
39
this transports TGs from intestines to peripheral tissues
chylomicrons
40
these are the largest and least dense lipids
chylomicrons
41
name 3 components of chylomicrons
apoB48- assembly and secretion from intestine apoCII- TG uptake apoE- clearance of remnants from liver
42
this carries TGs from liver to tissues
VLDL
43
name 3 components of VLDL
apoB100- LDL uptake apoCII- TG uptake apoE- clearnace of remnants from liver (IDL--> LDL)
44
this molecule transports cholesterol to tissues
LDL
45
what facilitates LDL uptake into cells
apoB100
46
this transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver
HDL
47
this is the smallest and most dense lipid
HDL
48
list lipid panel normal values
cholesterol < 200 LDL < 130 HDL >45 M and > 55 F TG < 150
49
what does PT measure?
extrinsic pathway factors III and VII
50
what does PTT measure?
intrinsic pathway factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
51
what test do you use to measure warfarin?
PT
52
what test do you use to measure heparin?
PTT
53
INR critical range
> 5
54
this test measures the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
thrombin time
55
this test measures the effect of heparin and other thrombin inhibitors
activated clotting time (ACT)
56
this measures thrombin and plasmin activity
D-dimer
57
pH normal and critical values
7.35-7.45 critical < 7.25 and > 7.6
58
HCO3- normal and critical values
22-29 critical < 10 and > 40
59
PaCO2 normal and critical values
35-45 critical < 20 and > 60
60
PaO2 normal and critical values
75-100 critical < 40
61
increased nitrites in urine indicates what?
STD
62
increased leukocyte esterase in urine indicates what?
UTI
63
+ protein in urine values
1+ 30 2+ 100 3+ 300 4+ 2,000
64
+ ketones in urine values
trace 5 small 15 moderate 40 large 80-160
65
this tube is for coag studies, contains sodium citrate and needs to be completely filled so it's drawn first
blue top
66
this tube is for serum chemistry and serology tests and has no anticoags or preservatives
plain red top
67
this tube is for serum chemistry and contains gel material that facilitates separation of serum and clot
red gold top
68
this tube is for plasma chemistry tests and chromosome analysis and contains heparin
green top
69
this tube is used for hematological tests/ CBC and contains potassium EDTA
purple top
70
this tube is used for flow cytometry and HLA typing, it contains acid citrate dextrose
yellow top
71
needle-shaped negatively birefringent urate crystals yellow
gout
72
rhomboidal, positively birefringenet calcium pyrophosphate crystals blue
pseudogout
73
amniotic fluid pattern
fern like pattern

Diagnostic Medicine (1 decks)

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