Exam 2 Flashcards
What movement arose as a reaction to urbanization and industrialization in the 1870s-80s?
The ‘Social Gospel’ movement
This movement rejected Social Darwinism and emphasized the need to help the poor.
What was the belief of the Social Gospel movement regarding human nature?
People are not intrinsically bad; rather, their conditions corrupt them.
What role did the Social Gospel movement play in the Prohibition Movement?
Heavily involved, viewing saloons as detrimental to communities and immigrants.
Who was Ida B. Wells and what was her contribution?
An early investigative journalist who addressed issues of economic and political racism.
What is the significance of W.E.B. DuBois’s work ‘The Philadelphia Negro’?
It was a major early work in social science research focusing on structural causes of poverty.
What social change occurred for African Americans during the Progressive Era?
Physical separation of African Americans and Whites became more pronounced.
What demographic shift occurred among African Americans during World War I?
Large numbers of African Americans began to migrate to cities.
What were Mutual Benefit Societies?
Organizations that emerged for African Americans, akin to social settlement movements for immigrants.
What was Marcus Garvey known for?
Creating the first mass social movement advocating black nationalism and race pride.
What was W.E.B. DuBois’s criticism of Booker T. Washington?
Believed Washington’s approach would lead African Americans backwards and hinder progress.
What tragedy occurred at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory?
A fire resulted in the death of 146 women due to unsafe working conditions.
What was the purpose of Settlement Houses?
Community houses providing education, healthcare, childcare, and activities, primarily run by middle-class women.
Who was Jane Addams?
A prominent figure associated with Hull House, a famous Settlement House.
What did the National Municipal League aim to address?
National level reform for cities, starting around the 1890s.
What did Progressive reformers seek regarding government roles?
A larger role for government to address issues of crime, poverty, and hunger in inner cities.
What was the 1924 Immigration Act?
The first act that restricted the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S.
What was a key idea promoted by the eugenics movement?
Selective breeding and sterilization of those deemed ‘unfit’ to improve society.
What was the outcome of Buck v. Bell?
Legalized sterilization of individuals based on perceived genetic defects.
What was the perception of eugenics in American education by 1928?
Taught as fact at 376 colleges with about 20,000 students enrolled.
How did eugenics relate to social problems in society?
Blamed victims for societal issues and proposed genetic solutions instead of addressing root causes.
What led to the decline of eugenics in the 1930s in the U.S.?
Evidence showed earlier studies were skewed and biased toward Western European descent.
What was the impact of Nazi Germany on eugenics policies?
Adapted U.S. laws for sterilization and marriage restrictions based on race.
