Exam 2

Question 1

What are the four different classes of beta-lactams?

Answer 1

-penicillins
-cephalosporins
-carbapenems
-monobactams

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactams?

Answer 2

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 3

What are the mechanisms of resistance of beta-lactams?

Answer 3

-destruction by beta-lactamase enzymes
-alteration in PBPs
-decreased permeability of outer cell membrane in Gram-negative bacteria

Question 4

What is the main pharmacodynamic property of beta-lactams?

Answer 4

time-dependent bactericidal activity

Question 5

What bacteria species do beta-lactams not have time-dependent bactericidal activity against?

Answer 5

Enterococcus spp.

Question 6

What is the elimination half-life of beta-lactams?

Answer 6

< 2 hours

Question 7

What beta-lactams do not have a half-life < 2 hours?

Answer 7

-ceftriaxone
-cefotetan
-cefixime
-ertapenem

Question 8

What route of elimination are beta-lactams mainly eliminated via?

Answer 8

renal

Question 9

What beta-lactams are not mainly renally eliminated?

Answer 9

-nafcillin
-oxacillin
-ceftriaxone
-cefoperazone

Question 10

What drug does have cross-allergenicity with beta-lactams?

Answer 10

aztreonam

Question 11

What is the basic structure of beta-lactams?

Answer 11

5-membered thiazolidine ring connected to beta-lactam ring

Question 12

What Gram-positive anaerobe produces beta-lactamase enzymes?

Answer 12

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 13

What resistance mechanism of beta-lactams is efficient for Gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 13

production of beta-lactamase enzymes